菲莱神庙(Temple of Philae) 是现在保存最好的三座古埃及托勒密王朝庙宇之一,是为古埃及神话中司掌生育和繁衍的女神伊希斯而建。这里还供奉着伊希斯的丈夫奥西里斯。奥斯里斯是一位半人半神的埃及国王,他被描述为一位有无穷美德和智慧的人。神庙里有象形文字碑文和一些形象生动的浮雕,祭奠生育之神伊希斯、富庶之神哈索尔等。
神庙原位于阿斯旺大坝南面尼罗河中的菲莱岛上,以辉煌而奇特的建筑、宏伟而生动的石雕及石壁浮雕上的神话故事而闻名。之前,菲莱岛上的神庙因纳赛尔湖水域的影响而处于半淹没状态。二十世纪六十年代,联合国教科文组织发起了一系列救援行动,用于恢复一些努比亚历史遗迹。这些神庙被完全整体拆下,按照原始方位布局在菲莱岛附近的安吉里卡岛(Island Of Agilika)上重新组建,名称仍为菲莱神庙。
1979年,菲莱神庙作为"阿布辛贝至菲莱的努比亚遗址"这一项目的组成部分,入选世界遗产名录。与金字塔同时成为埃及的第一批世界文化遗产。
我们从码头登船,驶向菲莱神庙——
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奈科坦尼布(Nectanebo) 法老在此建造了一个廊柱大厅,里面设有屏惟墙,采用典雅的圆柱相连。大厅的起点在岛的南侧。庭院内东西两侧各有一排廊柱,通往神殿第一个塔门。
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神庙有两个塔门。我们跟着导游快速进入神庙......
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这是第一个塔门,其建造者是托勒密十二世(Ptolemy XII),塔门上采用了传统的拜伊希斯神的画面。
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进入第一塔门,里面是一个廊柱庭院(下图为返回时补拍)。两侧是以哈索尔女神头像为装饰的石柱。虽然没有第一塔门外的石柱雄伟,但其雕刻要比第一塔门外的石柱雕刻精美许多。
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这是第二个塔门,西塔通向一个生产室,里面描绘着伊希斯在沼泽中哺育儿子荷鲁斯的景象。塔门通往殿内的多柱厅和西塔的一个楼梯,借此楼梯可以到达屋顶。
塔门上的壁画左侧描述的是托勒密六世向奥利西斯(父亲)和伊西斯(母亲)供奉祭品的场景;右侧描述的是托勒密六世向荷鲁斯(儿子)和哈索尔(儿媳)供奉祭品的场景。
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第二塔门右侧墙根有一块椭圆形的石碑
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有资料称:椭圆形的石碑为告示牌,上面铭刻着赋税标准,成为古埃及重要的第一手考古资料。也有资料称这块是石碑记录着某个地区对伊西斯神庙的贡献。
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从第二塔门进入多柱大厅——立有多根浮雕的石柱。
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穿过多柱大厅来到神庙的圣殿。圣殿是神庙的核心和神坛。古埃及时代,神坛处于黑暗之中,仅靠两侧墙壁上的小窗透光。现在神庙内有照明设施方便游客观看。
圣殿原先有一艘圣船和两尊伊希斯女神雕像,女神雕像如今远在法国罗浮宫埃及馆,圣船远在意大利的弗洛伦撒。圣坛两侧的壁画,描述的是伊希斯生育、教养荷鲁斯的经过,伊希斯女神将幼子荷鲁斯亲切地挽在怀中喂奶(《穷游论坛》)。
圣殿是专为纪念伊希斯而建,是罗马时期伊希斯和哈索尔异教的中心,是埃及最后一个在用的异教徒圣殿。
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圣殿的雕刻和壁画描写了神的生活和故事,雕刻非常细腻,人物形象生动......
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神庙圣殿外侧是河岸,那里有通往底下的密室
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圣殿内有一个基座,用来放置女神在行游和节日里使用的三桅帆船(石雕?)。
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走出圣殿,外面是一片废墟
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神庙右侧有一座罗马风格的露天凉亭——图拉真凉亭(Kiosk Of Trajan),由14根圆柱和屏惟墙组成。是罗马第十三位皇帝图拉真献给伊希斯和奥利西斯的。亭子中刻有皇帝向神明祭祀的场景。图拉凉亭有两道门,面朝尼罗河的是登岛的入口。
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图拉凉亭的外面残垣上有掌管音乐和舞蹈的贝斯神浮雕。贝斯神同时保佑孕妇平安生育,在古埃及是深受欢迎的神。
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圣殿的外侧
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在圣殿的外侧东面,有托勒密六世(Ptolemy VIII)和托勒密八世(Ptolemy VIII)建造的小型哈索尔神庙。
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石墙上镌刻着哈索尔的形象
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这里曾经也是一座神殿,现在能看到的是残留的墙壁、石柱、拱廊......
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这些纸莎草的柱头、横梁构件,展示了过去建筑的构成元素。
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在自由参观时,我们回到主殿,继续观看和拍摄......
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走出圣殿,回到塔门前面的廊柱庭院
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第一塔门前的廊柱大厅,两侧的廊柱及其屏惟墙。
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这些廊柱和屏惟墙有的部位已经破损
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神庙前巨大的广场上安放有很多石椅,是为举行大型活动所准备的。
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![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/fb0dcff8940776fe.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a99bf8655cb6f14c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/180db858eef9c575.jpg)
登船前路过码头上的小商品摊区
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/7651efe565df0527.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/2f8948ecc719e5ab.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/93f21feaa4ba107e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/eb150844b079c109.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c676e1b9ca7b7b90.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/b4240c7a45b59da3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/10cf490498ad06d7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d93ccb2aa678c445.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/aaf0c69a80c6aaba.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/7f484f662ad0bbe8.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/bad239fdf1bad926.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/171adc4eba53d143.jpg)
我们离开船舶上岸后......
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/da1d8669413eae73.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/10d6030beaad0272.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/142ab0f7558d6428.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/5ecaedee0ab36cc2.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/dc932bb5f1ec821d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/7191230e6f6f0f7a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c1e9e7268b4c46f8.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/9f1187de1c2e8c91.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a75e90b3a230d10d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/180d2869d3d9f60d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/8fa0763bba98cc23.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f4ce97cd2ec34fd3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/492ec926b035ea1f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/70c93fdda556430d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/16288d203ee6e01b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/5db88fe9bee25a5f.jpg)
下午,我们在阿斯旺机场登机,飞往开罗......
·本集完毕·
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