01简单句
1.什么是英语句子
英语句子必须具备主谓结构,并且主语一定是谓语动作的发出者。如果有宾语的话,宾语一定是谓语动作的对象或承受者。
2.英语句子的基本结构
- 主谓
- He died.
- We laugh(ed).
- 主谓宾
- 谓语:实义动词
- 实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词
- 谓语:实义动词
- 主谓表
- 谓语:系动词
- be动词
- 感官动词:
- look v.看起来,好像、似乎 =seem =appear
- smell n.气味
- taste n.喜爱,爱好 have taste for something 喜爱某个东西
- sound n.声音 v.听起来 adj.美好的 Your sound sounds sound.
- feel
- 变化:become, get, turn, grow, fall
- 保持:keep,stay,remain,stand
- 主谓双宾
- 主谓宾宾补
- I bought him a dog.(主谓双宾)
- You should keep the room clean and tidy.(主谓宾宾补)
- 主谓双宾和主谓宾宾补的区别:只需在最后两个宾语之间加一个be动词,如果读起来意思是对的,就是主谓宾宾补,不对是主谓双宾。
- We made him our monitor.(主谓宾宾补)
3.句子的成分——谓语
句子的成分:词性的问题
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谓语的成分
- Your mother must very beautiful.
- 有时态的实义动词或系动词充当谓语
-
一句话中动词能不能多?
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绝对不能,一句话中只能有一个动词的存在并且充当谓语,多余的动词全部都要变成非谓语动词。
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谓语只能是动词,动词只能做谓语
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Laughat others is my hobby.(动词不能做主语) - I enjoy
seemovies.(动词不能做宾语) - My dream is
becomea rich lady.(动词不能做表语)
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我们需要把一句话中所有不做谓语的动词变成非动词结构——非谓语动词
- 动词后跟-ing,表示主动或进行
- 动词后跟-ed,表被动或完成
- 动词前面加to,表目的或将来
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练习
试译:
- 他穿上外衣,锁上门,离开了家。
- He putting on his jacket, locking the door, left home.
- 大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。
- Pandas are the rarest members in bear family, mainly living in the forest of Southwest China.
- 长江流经不同的生态体系,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。
- YangZi River flowing through diverse ecological systems, keeps the home of a sea of endangered species, irrigating Chinese 1/5 land.
- 我爱你,你爱我。
- I loving you, you love me.(独立主格)
- 冬天来了,春天就不远了。
- Winter approaching, spring will be around the corner.
- 我是一个老师,我喜欢唱歌。
- Being a teacher, I have passion for singing songs.(分词做状语)
3.一句话中动词能不能少?
- 绝对不能,当一句话需要动词而又没有动词的时候永远都加be动词并且be动词没有意思。
- Your mother must be very beautiful.(情态动词must不能做谓语,加be动词)
- I am ag ainst you.(against是介词,加 am)
谓语的总结:一句话当中,有且只能有一个有时态的实义动词或系动词的存在并且充当谓语。
4.句子的成分——主语
1.主语的成分
名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句(引导词+句子)
- Handsome and strong are his nature.(handsome和strong是adj不能做主语)
- Handsomeness and strength are his nature.
- Being handsome and strong is his nature.
2.一句话中主语能不能少?
绝对不能,那一句话没有主语的时候怎么办?
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加it作为主语:必须与天气、温度、时间有关系
- 机舱里很闷
- It feels exceedingly hot in the cabin.
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there be /exist/seem/remain句型,听到"有"的时候使用。
- There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me.
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被动:当听到一句话没有主语或者人称代词作主语的时候,都可以考虑写成被动。
- 必须指出坚持很重要
- Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.
- 越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重
- Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing amount of professors.
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三种情况无被动:
- 动词后面有介词时,无被动
- 系动词没有被动
- have 表达"有"的意思时,无被动
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人称代词(I,you, we)作主语:不到万不得已,最好不要使用。
- 如果有梦想,就应该会成功
- If there exists a dream, glories are supposed to be achieved.
5.句子成分——宾语 表语
1.宾语:名词,代词,非谓语动词,从句
2.表语:名词,代词,非谓语动词,从句,形容词,介词短语
- 例句:
- I am a teacher.(名词)
- I am in Chongqing.(介词短语)
- I am beautiful.(形容词)
- My dream is to become a poet.(非谓语动词)
- My dream is becoming a poet.(非谓语动词)
练习:
- 我喜欢在重庆
- I like
in ChongQing.(I 是主语,like是谓语后面应该加宾语,但in ChongQing是介词短语不能做宾语)- I like ChongQing.
- I like being/to be in ChongQing.
- I like
- 女人爱美
- Ladies love beauty.
- Ladies love to be beautiful.
6.简单句的考点分析
1.写作
- 所有写不来的长难句,暂时都先写成简单句,一定要保证语法正确
- 越来越多的大学生自杀,这个事实表明我们应该关注这个话题。
- More and more university students kill themselves, we should pay attention to the problem.
- 站在讲台上的女人,看起来很好看。
- There is a lady on the stage,she looks very beautiful.
- 所有写不来的单词,都可以写成自己会的词汇,反正老师也不知道我想表达的意思
2.长难句分析 :分析长难句的第一步就是找这句话的动词也就是谓语,从而找到一句话的主谓宾。如果一句话当中找到多个动词,就找主句的谓语动词(前面没有引导词的谓语动词就是主句的谓语动词)
- 这两天心里很不爽
- I feel upset these days.
- 全球在变暖
- It is becoming warm throughout the world.
- 重庆有很多人口
- 嫉妒本身就是一种仰望
- Jealousness is a kind of worship.
- 有意义就是好好活,好好活就是做有意义的事
- Being meaningful proves to live well, living well seems to do meaningful things.
- 建议政府采取措施缓解这个问题
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