使用scrapy框架爬取桌面背景图片

目标数据： zol桌面壁纸，[风景] [1920*1080] 分类下19页每个图册的图片

items.py

import scrapy

class Zol2Item(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    image_urls = scrapy.Field()
    images = scrapy.Field()

    image_title = scrapy.Field()

image.gif

pipelines.py

from scrapy import Request
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline

class ZolPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    # num = 1
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        image_url = item["image_urls"]
        if image_url:
            # self.num + 1
            yield Request(url=image_url, meta={"item": item})

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        ## start of deprecation warning block (can be removed in the future)
        def _warn():
            from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
            import warnings
            warnings.warn('ImagesPipeline.image_key(url) and file_key(url) methods are deprecated, '
                          'please use file_path(request, response=None, info=None) instead',
                          category=ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)

        # check if called from image_key or file_key with url as first argument
        if not isinstance(request, Request):
            _warn()
            url = request
        else:
            url = request.url

        # detect if file_key() or image_key() methods have been overridden
        if not hasattr(self.file_key, '_base'):
            _warn()
            return self.file_key(url)
        elif not hasattr(self.image_key, '_base'):
            _warn()
            return self.image_key(url)
        ## end of deprecation warning block

        return 'desk/{}.jpg'.format(request.meta["item"]["image_title"])

image.gif

middlewares.py

from scrapy import signals
from zol2.useragents import agents

class Zol2SpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

class Zol2DownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

image.gif

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for zol2 project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'zol2'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['zol2.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'zol2.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.75 Safari/537.36'

# Obey robots.txt rules
# ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.5
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'zol2.middlewares.Zol2SpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'zol2.middlewares.Zol2DownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'zol2.pipelines.Zol2Pipeline': 300,
}
IMAGES_STORE = "/home/pyvip/env_spider/zol2/zol2/images"

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

image.gif

pazol2.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from zol2.items import Zol2Item

class Pazol2Spider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'pazol2'
    # allowed_domains = ['desk.zol.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://desk.zol.com.cn/fengjing/1920x1080/']
    front_url = "http://desk.zol.com.cn"
    num = 1

    rules = (
        # 1.解决翻页
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/fengjing/1920x1080/[0-1]?[0-9]?.html'), callback='parse_album', follow=True),
        # 2.进入各个图库的每一张图片页
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/bizhi/\d+_\d+_\d+.html', restrict_xpaths=("//div[@class='main']/ul[@class='pic-list2  clearfix']/li", "//div[@class='photo-list-box']")), follow=True),
        # 3.点击各个图片1920*1080按钮，获得html
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/showpic/1920x1080_\d+_\d+.html'), callback='get_img', follow=True),
    )

    def get_img(self, response):
        item = Zol2Item()
        item['image_urls'] = response.xpath("//body/img[1]/@src").extract_first()
        item['image_title'] = str(self.num)
        self.num += 1
        yield item

image.gif

爬取结果

image image.gif

​

共爬取了4517张图片，用时108分钟

放在桌面图库，半小时换一张，美滋滋。