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day30-第一阶段知识点的复习

day30-第一阶段知识点的复习

作者: Diudiu_0588 | 来源:发表于2019-04-13 12:21 被阅读0次

    1 ifconfig：查看设置IP

    1）查看网卡设备IP

    [root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig      <===查看所有网卡的IP
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.201  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 31  bytes 4411 (4.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 50  bytes 6401 (6.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0      <===查看指定网卡的IP
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.201  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 51  bytes 6071 (5.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 62  bytes 8571 (8.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    2）关闭网卡

    [root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig down eth0

    3）开启网卡

    [root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 up

    4）配置ip地址

    [root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.201  
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0      <===查看IP是否修改
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.201  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 315  bytes 32356 (31.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 300  bytes 35378 (34.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    5）配置ip地址和子网掩码

    [root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0      <===查看IP和子网掩码是否修改
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.201  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 315  bytes 32356 (31.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 300  bytes 35378 (34.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    6）单网卡添加IP地址

    [root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.100  up
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0:0   <===查看添加的IP地址
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

    7）删除IP地址

    [root@oldboy ~]$ ifconfig eth0 del 192.168.1.100

    2. ip：查看和设置网络和IP

    1）查看IP地址

    [root@oldboy ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.200/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    2）添加IP地址

    [root@oldboy ~]#  ip addr add 192.168.17.30/24 dev eth0
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a     <===查看是否添加成功
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.201/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.17.30/24 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    3）删除IP地址

    [root@oldboy ~]# ip addr del 192.168.17.30/24 dev eth0
[root@oldboy ~]#  ip a     <===查看是否删除成功
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.201/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    3. ping：发送数据到网络，检查网络是否通畅

    [root@oldboy ~]#  ping baidu.com   <===此时网络通畅
PING baidu.com (220.181.57.216) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=18.4 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=10.6 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=11.4 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=18.8 ms

    4. traceroute：查看到达主机的网络路由信息

    参数 说明
    -d 不作反向解析 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# traceroute -d www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (61.135.169.125), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  gateway (10.0.0.254)  0.172 ms  0.131 ms  0.130 ms
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *
 5  * * *

    5. route：查看设置网关、路由

    参数 说明
    -host 主机路由
    -net 网络路由
    -n 查看路由信息
    add 添加一个新路由
    gw 指定的入口
    del 删除路由
    default gw 默认网关

    1）查看路由信息

    [root@oldboyedu ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.0.0.254      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0

    2）添加路由信息

    [root@oldboy ~]# route add -net 192.168.0.0/24 gw 10.0.0.12
[root@oldboy ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.0.0.254      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
192.168.0.0     10.0.0.12       255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0

    3）删除路由信息

    [root@oldboy ~]# route del -net 192.168.0.0/24 gw 10.0.0.12
[root@oldboy ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.0.0.254      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0

    6. telnet：检测远程端口是否通畅

    [root@oldboyedu ~]# telnet 123.125.114.144 80
Trying 123.125.114.144...      <---尝试连接远程主机
Connected to 123.125.114.144.      <---连接成功

    7. 复习第一阶段的所有重要知识点

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