penalty n.

英 [ˈpenəlti]  美 [ˈpɛnəlti]

惩罚； 刑罚； 害处； 足球点球

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柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典

1、N-COUNT 刑罚；处罚；惩罚

A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule.

penalty是一种惩罚，就是某些人做了某些事，而那些事违反了法律或规则。

One of those arrested could face the death penalty... 

被捕的那些人中有一人可能被判死刑。

The maximum penalty is up to 7 years imprisonment or an unlimited fine. 

最高处罚是最多7年监禁或者无上限罚款。

2、N-COUNT 罚球；点球

In sports such as football, rugby, and hockey, a penalty is an opportunity to score a goal, which is given to the attacking team if the defending team breaks a rule near their own goal.

在体育比赛中，像足球，橄榄球，曲棍球，penalty就是一个得分射门的好机会，这个机会是给予进攻队的，如果防守队在他们的禁区附近破坏了规则。

Referee Michael Reed had no hesitation in awarding a penalty... 

裁判迈克尔·里德毫不犹豫地判了点球。

Jonathan Davies scored a penalty goal. 

乔纳森·戴维斯点球得分。

3、N-COUNT 惩罚；报应；不利后果

The penalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result.

penalty 就是你为你做过的事情付出代价，就是一些你经历过结果后感到不高兴的事情。

pay for 付出....代价...，为.....付出代价

Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else's mistake?... 

为什么我要代人受过？

It's a penalty of us being girls — sons have an easy time. 

这是我们身为女孩的弊端——男孩子们过得轻松。