UI自动化03 18种定位器

18种定位器

selenium提供了18种定位器，方便我们找到需要的控件

• 单数定位器*8

# 1、id
element = driver.find_element_by_id('i1')
print(element)
element.send_keys("通过id定位输入的字符")

#2、class定位
element2 = driver.find_element_by_class_name("classname")
print(element2)
element2.send_keys("通过class定位输入的字符")
# 如果重复则取第一个

# 3、css selector
element3 = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[placeholder=\"请通过CSS SELECTOR定位元素\"]")
print(element3)
element3.send_keys("通过css selector定位输入的字符")

# 4、name的定位方式
el4 = driver.find_element_by_name("name")
el4.send_keys("通过name定位输入的字符")

# 5、通过xpath
el5 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@placeholder=\"请通过XPATH定位元素\"]")
el5.send_keys("通过xpath定位输入的字符")

# 6、tag
el6 = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("input")
el6.send_keys("通过tagname定位输入的字符")

# 7、link_text
el7 = driver.find_element_by_link_text("跳转大师兄博客地址")
el7.click()

# 8、模糊linktext
el8 = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("大师兄博客")
el8.click()

• 复数定位器*8

# 以id举例
# 1、id
elements = driver.find_elements_by_id('i1')
print(elements)
elements[0].send_keys("通过id定位输入的字符")

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• 底层调用*2

***********进入find_element_by_id*************
    def find_element_by_id(self, id_):
        """Finds an element by id.

        :Args:
         - id\_ - The id of the element to be found.

        :Returns:
         - WebElement - the element if it was found

        :Raises:
         - NoSuchElementException - if the element wasn't found

        :Usage:
            element = driver.find_element_by_id('foo')
        """
        return self.find_element(by=By.ID, value=id_

*******可以看到调用了find_element方法，继续进入find_element
    def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
        """
        'Private' method used by the find_element_by_* methods.

        :Usage:
            Use the corresponding find_element_by_* instead of this.

        :rtype: WebElement
        """
        if self.w3c:
            if by == By.ID:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = '[id="%s"]' % value
            elif by == By.TAG_NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = ".%s" % value
            elif by == By.NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = '[name="%s"]' % value
        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {
            'using': by,
            'value': value})['value']

**********
可以看到对ID、TAG_NAME、CLASS_NAME、NAME四种样式,selenium都将其转化为了CSS_SELECTOR的格式。
当然，我们使用的时候也可以直接调用find_element指定by和value，这是单数的调用，复数同理

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