Python Pip 包管理器

来源： http://blog.csdn.net/olanlanxiari/article/details/48086917

1前言

pip是一个Python包管理工具，主要是用于安装PyPI上的软件包，可以替代easy_install工具。

GitHub:https://github.com/pypa/pip

Doc:https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/

2获取pip

2.1脚本安装pip

$ curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py

$ python get-pip.py

2.2使用包管理软件安装

$ sudo yum install python-pip

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

2.3更新pip

$ pip install -U pip

3pip基本使用

3.1安装PyPI软件

$ pip install SomePackage

[...]

Successfully installed SomePackage

3.2查看具体安装文件

$ pip show --files SomePackage

Name: SomePackage

Version: 1.0

Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages

Files:

../somepackage/__init__.py

[...]

3.3查看哪些软件需要更新

$ pip list --outdated

SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

3.4升级软件包

$ pip install --upgrade SomePackage

[...]

Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0

Uninstalling SomePackage:

Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

Running setup.py install for SomePackage

Successfully installed SomePackage

3.5卸载软件包

$ pip uninstall SomePackage

Uninstalling SomePackage:

/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage

Proceed (y/n)? y

Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

4pip简明手册

4.1安装具体版本软件

$ pip install SomePackage            # latest version

$ pip install SomePackage==1.0.4    # specific version

$ pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4'    # minimum version

4.2Requirements文件安装依赖软件

Requirements文件一般记录的是依赖软件列表，通过pip可以一次性安装依赖软件包:

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

4.3列出软件包清单

$ pip list

$ pip list --outdated

ipython (Current: 1.2.0 Latest: 2.3.0)

4.4查看软件包信息

$ pip show pip

---

Name: pip

Version: 1.4.1

Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg

Requires:

$ pip show pyopencl

---

Name: pyopencl

Version: 2014.1

Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages

Requires: pytools, pytest, decorator

4.5搜寻

$ pip search pycuda

pycuda                    - Python wrapper for Nvidia CUDA

pyfft                    - FFT library for PyCuda and PyOpenCL

cudatree                  - Random Forests for the GPU using PyCUDA

reikna                    - GPGPU algorithms for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL

compyte                  - A common set of compute primitives for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL (to be created)

4.6配置文件

配置文件:$HOME/.pip/pip.conf, 举例:

[global]

timeout = 60

index-url = http://download.zope.org/ppix

[install]

ignore-installed = true

no-dependencies = yes

4.7命令行自动补全

对于bash:

$ pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile

对于zsh:

$ pip completion --zsh >> ~/.zprofile

加载此配置文件后，则pip命令支持自动补全功能.

5后记

应该尽量使用pip，不要继续使用easy_install.