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Redis源码分析--RDB实现源码阅读

Redis源码分析--RDB实现源码阅读

作者: 阿飞的博客 | 来源:发表于2017-09-25 17:58 被阅读816次

    重要说明,在看这篇文章之前,最好先通过剖析Redis RDB文件 了解RDB文件的结构;

    RDB相关源码在rdb.c中;通过saveCommand(redisClient *c) 和bgsaveCommand(redisClient *c) 两个方法可知,RDB持久化业务逻辑在rdbSave(server.rdb_filename)和rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename这两个方法中;一个通过执行"save"触发,另一个通过执行"bgsave"或者save seconds changes条件满足时(在redis.c的serverCron中)触发:

    redis.c里serverCron中通过调用rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename)触发bgsave的部分代码:

    if (server.dirty >= sp->changes &&
        server.unixtime-server.lastsave > sp->seconds &&
        (server.unixtime-server.lastbgsave_try >
         REDIS_BGSAVE_RETRY_DELAY ||
         server.lastbgsave_status == REDIS_OK))
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"%d changes in %d seconds. Saving...",
            sp->changes, (int)sp->seconds);
        rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename);
        break;
    }
    

    通过阅读rdbSaveBackground(char *filename)的源码可知,其最终的实现还是调用rdbSave(char *filename),只不过是通过fork()出的子进程来执行罢了,所以bgsave和save的实现是殊途同归:

    int rdbSaveBackground(char *filename) {
        pid_t childpid;
        long long start;
    
        // 如果已经有RDB持久化任务,那么rdb_child_pid的值就不是-1,那么返回REDIS_ERR;
        if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR;
    
        server.dirty_before_bgsave = server.dirty;
        server.lastbgsave_try = time(NULL);
    
        // 记录RDB持久化开始时间
        start = ustime();
        //fork一个子进程,
        if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) {
            // 如果fork()的结果childpid为0,即当前进程为fork的子进程,那么接下来调用rdbSave()进程持久化;
            int retval;
    
            /* Child */
            closeListeningSockets(0);
            redisSetProcTitle("redis-rdb-bgsave");
            // bgsave事实上就是通过fork的子进程调用rdbSave()实现, rdbSave()就是save命令业务实现;
            retval = rdbSave(filename);
            if (retval == REDIS_OK) {
                size_t private_dirty = zmalloc_get_private_dirty();
    
                if (private_dirty) {
                    // RDB持久化成功后,如果是notice级别的日志,那么log输出RDB过程中copy-on-write使用的内存
                    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
                        "RDB: %zu MB of memory used by copy-on-write",
                        private_dirty/(1024*1024));
                }
            }
            exitFromChild((retval == REDIS_OK) ? 0 : 1);
        } else {
            // 父进程更新redisServer记录一些信息,例如:fork进程消耗的时间stat_fork_time, 
            /* Parent */
            server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start;
           // 更新redisServer记录fork速率:每秒多少G;zmalloc_used_memory()的单位是字节,所以通过除以(1024*1024*1024),得到GB;由于记录的fork_time即fork时间是微妙,所以*1000000,得到每秒钟fork多少GB的速度;
            server.stat_fork_rate = (double) zmalloc_used_memory() * 1000000 / server.stat_fork_time / (1024*1024*1024); /* GB per second. */
            latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("fork",server.stat_fork_time/1000);
            // 如果fork子进程出错,即childpid为-1,更新redisServer,记录最后一次bgsave状态是REDIS_ERR;
            if (childpid == -1) {
                server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR;
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't save in background: fork: %s",
                    strerror(errno));
                return REDIS_ERR;
            }
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Background saving started by pid %d",childpid);
            // 最后在redisServer中记录的save开始时间重置为空,并记录执行bgsave的子进程id,即child_pid;
            server.rdb_save_time_start = time(NULL);
            server.rdb_child_pid = childpid;
            server.rdb_child_type = REDIS_RDB_CHILD_TYPE_DISK;
            updateDictResizePolicy();
            return REDIS_OK;
        }
        return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */
    }
    

    RDB持久化实现:

    /* Save the DB on disk. Return REDIS_ERR on error, REDIS_OK on success. */
    int rdbSave(char *filename) {
        char tmpfile[256];
        FILE *fp;
        rio rdb;
        int error;
        // 文件临时文件名为temp-${pid}.rdb
        snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-%d.rdb", (int) getpid());
        fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
        if (!fp) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Failed opening .rdb for saving: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
    
        rioInitWithFile(&rdb,fp);
        // RDB持久化的核心实现;
        if (rdbSaveRio(&rdb,&error) == REDIS_ERR) {
            errno = error;
            goto werr;
        }
    
        /* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
        if (fflush(fp) == EOF) goto werr;
        if (fsync(fileno(fp)) == -1) goto werr;
        if (fclose(fp) == EOF) goto werr;
    
        // 重命名rdb文件的命名;
        /* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
         * if the generate DB file is ok. */
        if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp DB file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno));
            unlink(tmpfile);
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB saved on disk");
        server.dirty = 0;
        server.lastsave = time(NULL);
        server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_OK;
        return REDIS_OK;
    
    werr:
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error saving DB on disk: %s", strerror(errno));
        fclose(fp);
        unlink(tmpfile);
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }
    

    rdbSaveRio--RDB持久化实现的核心代码--根据RDB文件协议将所有redis中的key-value写入rdb文件中:

    /* Produces a dump of the database in RDB format sending it to the specified
     * Redis I/O channel. On success REDIS_OK is returned, otherwise REDIS_ERR
     * is returned and part of the output, or all the output, can be
     * missing because of I/O errors.
     *
     * When the function returns REDIS_ERR and if 'error' is not NULL, the
     * integer pointed by 'error' is set to the value of errno just after the I/O
     * error. */
    int rdbSaveRio(rio *rdb, int *error) {
        dictIterator *di = NULL;
        dictEntry *de;
        char magic[10];
        int j;
        long long now = mstime();
        uint64_t cksum;
    
        if (server.rdb_checksum)
            rdb->update_cksum = rioGenericUpdateChecksum;
        // rdb文件中最先写入的内容就是magic,magic就是REDIS这个字符串+4位版本号
        snprintf(magic,sizeof(magic),"REDIS%04d",REDIS_RDB_VERSION);
        if (rdbWriteRaw(rdb,magic,9) == -1) goto werr;
    
        // 遍历所有db重写rdb文件;
        for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) {
            redisDb *db = server.db+j;
            dict *d = db->dict;
            // 如果db的size为0,即没有任何key,那么跳过,遍历下一个db;
            if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue;
            di = dictGetSafeIterator(d);
            if (!di) return REDIS_ERR;
    
            // 写入REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_SELECTDB,这个值redis定义为254,即FE,再通过rdbSaveLen合入当前dbnum,例如当前db为0,那么写入FE 00
            /* Write the SELECT DB opcode */
            if (rdbSaveType(rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_SELECTDB) == -1) goto werr;
            if (rdbSaveLen(rdb,j) == -1) goto werr;
    
            // 如注释所表达的,迭代遍历db这个dict的每一个entry;
            /* Iterate this DB writing every entry */
            while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
                // 先得到当前entry的key(sds类型)和value(redisObject类型);
                sds keystr = dictGetKey(de);
                robj key, *o = dictGetVal(de);
                long long expire;
    
                initStaticStringObject(key,keystr);
                // 从redisDb的expire这个dict中查询过期时间属性值;
                expire = getExpire(db,&key);
                // 每个entry(redis中的key和其value)rdb持久化的核心代码
                if (rdbSaveKeyValuePair(rdb,&key,o,expire,now) == -1) goto werr;
            }
            dictReleaseIterator(di);
        }
        di = NULL; /* So that we don't release it again on error. */
    
        // 遍历所有db后,写入EOF这个opcode,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EOF申明为255,即FF,所以是写入FF到rdb文件中;FF是redis对rdb文件结束的定义;
        /* EOF opcode */
        if (rdbSaveType(rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EOF) == -1) goto werr;
    
        // 最后写入8个字节长度的checksum值到rdb文件尾部;
        /* CRC64 checksum. It will be zero if checksum computation is disabled, the
         * loading code skips the check in this case. */
        cksum = rdb->cksum;
        memrev64ifbe(&cksum);
        if (rioWrite(rdb,&cksum,8) == 0) goto werr;
        return REDIS_OK;
    
    werr:
        if (error) *error = errno;
        if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di);
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }
    

    每个entry(key-value)rdb持久化的核心代码:

    /* Save a key-value pair, with expire time, type, key, value.
     * On error -1 is returned.
     * On success if the key was actually saved 1 is returned, otherwise 0
     * is returned (the key was already expired). */
    int rdbSaveKeyValuePair(rio *rdb, robj *key, robj *val,
                            long long expiretime, long long now)
    {
        /* Save the expire time */
        if (expiretime != -1) {
            // 如果过期时间少于当前时间,那么表示该key已经失效,返回不做任何保存;
            /* If this key is already expired skip it */
            if (expiretime < now) return 0;
            // 如果当前遍历的entry有失效时间属性,那么保存REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EXPIRETIME_MS即252,即"FC"以及失效时间到rdb文件中,
            if (rdbSaveType(rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EXPIRETIME_MS) == -1) return -1;
            if (rdbSaveMillisecondTime(rdb,expiretime) == -1) return -1;
        }
    
        // 接下来保存redis key的类型,key,以及value到rdb文件中;
        /* Save type, key, value */
        if (rdbSaveObjectType(rdb,val) == -1) return -1;
        if (rdbSaveStringObject(rdb,key) == -1) return -1;
        if (rdbSaveObject(rdb,val) == -1) return -1;
        return 1;
    }
    
    

    通过上面的源码分析得到最终rdb文件的格式如下:

    REDIS // RDB协议约束的固定字符串
    0006 // redis的版本号
    FE 00 // 表示当前接下来的key都是db=0中的key;
    FC 1506327609 // 表示key失效时间点为1506327609
    0 // 表示key的属性是string类型;
    username // key
    afei // value
    FF // 表示遍历完成
    y73e9iq1 // checksum值

    备注:
    #define REDIS_RDB_TYPE_STRING 0
    #define REDIS_RDB_TYPE_LIST 1
    #define REDIS_RDB_TYPE_SET 2
    #define REDIS_RDB_TYPE_ZSET 3
    #define REDIS_RDB_TYPE_HASH 4

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