Day1
Chapter5
From then on, in response to changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements, the government started to take responsibility for education.
第一段最后一句话
从那时起，作为对工业革命和社会以及政治运动所带来的改变的应对，政府开始承担教育的责任。
- 句子很复杂，拆开理解
in response to changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements,这句
- in response to (changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements)
括号里的都是in response to 的宾语
in response to 对...的回应，响应 - changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements
这边分成三部分：
changes :改变
brought about ：引起
by the Industrial Revolution and social and political movements
-- the Industrial Revolution：工业革命
social and political movements：社会的和政治的运动 - the government started to take responsibility for education
主谓宾结构：
the government
started to
take responsibility for education：承担教育的责任
In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced, which ended the division between grammar schools, where the most academically capable pupils were sent to prepare for university, and vocational schools, where the less successful pupils were sent to learn a trade.
第二段第二句
在二十世纪60年代，综合学校被提出来了，它终结了文法学校，大多数学术能力很强的学生被送去为考大学准备。还有职业学校，不太成功的学生被送去学贸易。
- 从句太多，看第一遍不知道自己在看什么
①In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced, ②which ended the division between grammar schools, ③where the most academically capable pupils were sent to prepare for university, ④and vocational schools, where the less successful pupils were sent to learn a trade.
- ①In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced, ②which ended the division between grammar schools and vocational schools.
综合学校被提出来，终结了文法学校和职业学校。 - comprehensive schools were introduced
introduce 提出，这句话是被动语态，因为提出者我们不是很关心，基本上是英国议会这些人，这个信息在这里不重要。我们关心的是这个综合学校被提出来了，然后影响了文法学校和职业学校。被动语态的目的就是这个，强调动作的承受对象，忽略动作的发出者。 - ②which ended the division between grammar schools,
从句，应该是宾语从句，which指代comprehensive schools were introduced,
这边要注意这个between，division不认识先不管它。between是在两者之间的意思，说明除了grammar school还有别的东西，继续往后面看，发现这个vocational school。 - ③where the most academically capable pupils were sent to prepare for university,
这个应该也是宾语从句，where指代前面的grammar school，where在这个句子里面是sent 的宾语，恢复了是：
the most academically capable pupils were sent to grammar schools to prepare for university.
第④句和③的情况一样。
When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national examination, the General Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE), which certifies that they have achieved the standard expected after 11 years of compulsory education.
55页第一句
当学生们上学到16岁，他们需要参加全国性的考试，GCSE，这个考试认证他们是否达到11年的综合教育期望的标准。
- 这句话没有那么复杂，主要是这个GCSE太长了，但作者想说明的就是这个GCSE
①When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national examination GCSE, ②which certifies that they have achieved the standard expected after 11 years of compulsory education.
现在这就是一个主从句，①是主句，②是从句，解释这个GCSE，which指代GCSE
Oxford and Cambridge dated from the 12th and 13th centuries, while the Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen were found in the 15th and 16th centuries.
55页第3段第二句
牛津和剑桥始于12,13世纪，而苏格兰的圣安德鲁斯，格拉斯哥，爱丁堡和阿伯丁大学成立于15,16世纪。
- while
这while是个连词(conjunction)，我觉得应该是下面第三个解释
GRAMMAR 语法
In a clause beginning with while that refers to the future, use the
present tense, not ‘will’.在while引导的表示将来的从句中要用一般现在时，不用willI will enjoy my fame while it lasts (NOT 不说 while it will last).
我要趁声名尚在时好好享受。
3
used to emphasize the difference between two situations, activities
etc 却；但是；而〔用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别〕Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the
south are relatively poor.北方的学校设施往往要好一些，而南方的学校则相对差一些。
4
in spite of the fact that 虽然，尽管
While never a big eater, he did snack a lot.
他虽然胃口从来都不大，但零食确实是吃得很多。
While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was
guilty.虽然没有确凿的证据，大多数人还是认为他有罪。
5
while I’m/you’re etc at/about it
used to suggest that someone should do something at the same time that
they do something else spoken 在做某事的同时〔做另一件事〕 【口】Print out what you’ve written, and while you’re at it make a copy for
me.把你写的东西打印出来，同时给我也印一份。
- date 始于
- St. 是Saint的缩写，用于人名、地名等，表示圣人、圣徒知乎回答
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