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热修复基础(二)

热修复基础(二)

作者: 墨留痕 | 来源:发表于2017-02-28 18:20 被阅读0次

    MultiDex的具体实现过程

    一、代码示例

    1、Gradle修改

    修改Gradle的配置,支持multidex:

    android {
        compileSdkVersion 21
        buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"
        defaultConfig {
            ...
            minSdkVersion 14
            targetSdkVersion 21
            ...
            // Enabling multidex support.
            multiDexEnabled true
        }
        ...
    }
    dependencies {
      compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
    }
    

    2、manifest修改

    在manifest文件中,在application标签下添加MultidexApplication Class的引用

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        package="com.example.android.multidex.myapplication">
        <application
            ...
            android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication">
            ...
        </application>
    </manifest>
    

    二、实现源码

    1、MultiDexApplication

    public class MultiDexApplication extends Application {
        public MultiDexApplication() {
        }
    
        protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
            super.attachBaseContext(base);
            MultiDex.install(this);
        }
    }
    

    使用 MultiDexApplication的原因就是它重写了Application,主要是可以将其他dex文件注入到系统的ClassLoader

    2、MultiDex

    MultiDex.install,这个方法涵盖了MultiDex安装的整个流程:

    publicstaticvoidinstall(Context context){
         Log.i(TAG, "install");
    
         // 检查当前系统是否支持multidex
         if (IS_VM_MULTIDEX_CAPABLE) {
             Log.i(TAG, "VM has multidex support, MultiDex support library is disabled.");
             try {
                 clearOldDexDir(context);
             } catch (Throwable t) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "Something went wrong when trying to clear old MultiDex extraction, "
                         + "continuing without cleaning.", t);
             }
             return;
         }
    
         // MultiDex最低只支持到1.6
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < MIN_SDK_VERSION) {
             throw new RuntimeException("Multi dex installation failed. SDK " + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT
                     + " is unsupported. Min SDK version is " + MIN_SDK_VERSION + ".");
         }
    
         try {
             ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = getApplicationInfo(context);
             if (applicationInfo == null) {
                 // Looks like running on a test Context, so just return without patching.
                 return;
             }
    
             synchronized (installedApk) {
    
                 // sourceDir对应于/data/app/<package-name>.apk
                 String apkPath = applicationInfo.sourceDir;
    
                 // 若给定apk已经install过,直接退出
                 if (installedApk.contains(apkPath)) {
                     return;
                 }
                 installedApk.add(apkPath);
    
    
                 // MultiDex 最高只支持到20(Android 4.4W),更高的版本不能保证正常工作
    
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION) {
                     Log.w(TAG, "MultiDex is not guaranteed to work in SDK version "
                             + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT + ": SDK version higher than "
                             + MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION + " should be backed by "
                             + "runtime with built-in multidex capabilty but it's not the "
                             + "case here: java.vm.version=\""
                             + System.getProperty("java.vm.version") + "\"");
                 }
    
                // 得到classLoader,它就是PathClassLoader是BaseDexClassLoaderd的子类,
                // MultiDex主要通过修改pathList字段来添加更多的dex
                // 后面就可以从这个PathClassLoader中拿到DexPathList中的Element数组
                // 这个数组里面就包括由系统加载第一个dex包
                 ClassLoader loader;
                 try {
                     loader = context.getClassLoader();
                 } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                     /* Ignore those exceptions so that we don't break tests relying on Context like
                      * a android.test.mock.MockContext or a android.content.ContextWrapper with a
                      * null base Context.
                      */
                     Log.w(TAG, "Failure while trying to obtain Context class loader. " +
                             "Must be running in test mode. Skip patching.", e);
                     return;
                 }
                 if (loader == null) {
                     // Note, the context class loader is null when running Robolectric tests.
                     Log.e(TAG,
                             "Context class loader is null. Must be running in test mode. "
                             + "Skip patching.");
                     return;
                 }
    
    
                 // MultiDex的二级dex文件将存放在 /data/data/<package-name>/secondary-dexes 下
    
                 File dexDir = new File(context.getFilesDir(), SECONDARY_FOLDER_NAME);
    
                 // 从apk中查找并解压二级dex文件到/data/data/<package-name>/secondary-dexes
                 List<File> files = MultiDexExtractor.load(context, applicationInfo, dexDir, false);
    
                 // 检查dex压缩文件的完整性
                 if (checkValidZipFiles(files)) {
    
                     // 开始安装dex
                     installSecondaryDexes(loader, dexDir, files);
                 } else {
                     Log.w(TAG, "Files were not valid zip files. Forcing a reload.");
    
                   /** 
                   第一次检查失败,MultiDex会尽责的再检查一次
                   若第一次校验失败(dex文件损坏等),
                   MultiDex会重新调用MultiDexExtractor.load方法重查找加载二级dex文件列表,
                   值得注意的是此时forceReload的值为true,会强制重新从apk中解压dex文件
                   */
                     files = MultiDexExtractor.load(context, applicationInfo, dexDir, true);
    
                     if (checkValidZipFiles(files)) {
    
                         // 开始安装dex
                         installSecondaryDexes(loader, dexDir, files);
                     } else {
                         // Second time didn't work, give up
                         throw new RuntimeException("Zip files were not valid.");
                     }
                 }
             }
    
         } catch (Exception e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Multidex installation failure", e);
             throw new RuntimeException("Multi dex installation failed (" + e.getMessage() + ").");
         }
         Log.i(TAG, "install done");
     }
    
    1、检查虚拟机版本

    跟虚拟机版本判断是否需要MultiDex;

    在ART虚拟机中(部分4.4机器及5.0以上的机器),采用了Ahead-of-time(AOT)compilation技术,系统在apk的安装过程中,会使用自带的dex2oat工具对apk中可用的dex文件进行编译,并生成一个可在本地机器上运行的odex(optimized dex)文件,这样做会提高应用的启动速度。(但是安装速度降低了)

    若不需要使用MultiDex,将使用clearOldDexDir清除/data/data/pkgName/code-cache/secondary-dexes目录下下所有文件

    2、获取安装路径

    根据applicationInfo.sourceDir的值获取安装的apk路径;安装完成的apk路径为 /data/app/.apk

    3、安装检测

    检查apk是否执行过MultiDex.install,若已经安装直接退出

    4、获取二级dex列表

    MultiDexExtractor.load获取apk中二级dex列表

    5、校验dex压缩包的完整性
    6、开始dex的安装

    installSecondaryDexes 安装dex

    // loader对应的就是PathClassLoader
    // dexDir是dex的存放目录
    // files对应的就是dex文件
    private static void installSecondaryDexes(ClassLoader loader, File dexDir, List<File> files) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IOException {
        if(!files.isEmpty()) {
            if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
                MultiDex.V19.install(loader, files, dexDir);
            } else if(VERSION.SDK_INT >= 14) {
                MultiDex.V14.install(loader, files, dexDir);
            } else {
                MultiDex.V4.install(loader, files);
            }
        }
    
    }
    

    由于SDK版本不同,ClassLoader中的实现存在差异,所以使用了三个分支去执行dex的安装。这里我们选择MultiDex.V14.install进行分析,其他两个大同小异:

    V14.install

    private static void install(ClassLoader loader, List<File> additionalClassPathEntries, File optimizedDirectory) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
        // 这个方法就是使用反射来得到loader的pathList字段
        Field pathListField = MultiDex.findField(loader, "pathList");
        // 得到loader的pathList字段后,我们就可以得到这个字段的值,也就是DexPathList对象
        Object dexPathList = pathListField.get(loader);
        // 这个方法就是将其他的dex文件Element数组和第一个dex的Element数组合并
        // makeDexElements方法就是用来得到其他dex的Elements数组
        MultiDex.expandFieldArray(dexPathList, "dexElements", makeDexElements(dexPathList, new ArrayList(additionalClassPathEntries), optimizedDirectory));
    }
    

    MultiDex在安装开始时,会先通过反射调用 BaseDexClassLoader 里DexPathList类型的pathList字段,接着通过pathList调用 DexPathList 的makeDexElements方法,将上面解压得到的additionalClassPathEntries(二级dex文件列表)封装成Element数组。

    需要注意的是,makeDexElements最终会去进行dex2opt操作,这是一个比较耗时的过程,如果全部放在main线程去处理的话,比较影响用户体验,甚至可能引起ANR。

    7、合并数组

    调用 MultiDex.expandFieldArray 合并dex 数组

    // instance对应的就是pathList对象
    // fieldName 对应的就是字段名,我们要得到的就是pathList对象里面的dexElements数组
    // extraElements对应的就是其他dex对应的Element数组
    private static void expandFieldArray(Object instance, String fieldName, Object[] extraElements) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
        // 得到Element数组字段
        Field jlrField = findField(instance, fieldName);
        // 得到pathList对象里面的dexElements数组
        Object[] original = (Object[])((Object[])jlrField.get(instance));
        // 创建一个新的数组用来存放合并之后的结果
        Object[] combined = (Object[])((Object[])Array.newInstance(original.getClass().getComponentType(), original.length + extraElements.length));
        // 将第一个dex的Elements数组复制到创建的数组中去
        System.arraycopy(original, 0, combined, 0, original.length);
        // 将其他dex的Elements数组复制到创建的数组中去
        System.arraycopy(extraElements, 0, combined, original.length, extraElements.length);
        // 将得到的这个合并的新数组的值设置到pathList对象的Element数组字段上
        jlrField.set(instance, combined);
    }
    

    expandFieldArray同样是通过反射调用,找到pathList中的dexElements字段,并将上一步生成的封装了二级dex的Element数组添加到dexElements之后,完成整个安装流程

    8、其他涉及的方法

    MultiDexExtractor.load(……获取apk中可用的二级dex列表

    /**
    MultiDexExtractor.load会先判断是否需要从apk中解压dex文件,主要判断依据是:上次保存的apk(zip文件)的CRC校验码和last modify日期与dex的总数量是否与当前apk相同。此外,forceReload也会决定是否需要重新解压
    */
    private static List<File> load(Context context, ApplicationInfo applicationInfo, File dexDir,booleanforceReload)throwsIOException{
    
        Log.i("MultiDex", "MultiDexExtractor.load(" + applicationInfo.sourceDir + ", " + forceReload + ")");
        File sourceApk = new File(applicationInfo.sourceDir);
        long currentCrc = getZipCrc(sourceApk);
        List files;
        if(!forceReload && !isModified(context, sourceApk, currentCrc)) {
            try {
                files = loadExistingExtractions(context, sourceApk, dexDir);
            } catch (IOException var9) {
                Log.w("MultiDex", "Failed to reload existing extracted secondary dex files, falling back to fresh extraction", var9);
                files = performExtractions(sourceApk, dexDir);
                putStoredApkInfo(context, getTimeStamp(sourceApk), currentCrc, files.size() + 1);
            }
        } else {
            Log.i("MultiDex", "Detected that extraction must be performed.");
            files = performExtractions(sourceApk, dexDir);
            putStoredApkInfo(context, getTimeStamp(sourceApk), currentCrc, files.size() + 1);
        }
    
        Log.i("MultiDex", "load found " + files.size() + " secondary dex files");
        return files;
    }
    

    解压apk

    private static List<File> performExtractions(File sourceApk, File dexDir)throwsIOException{
    
            // extractedFilePrefix值为<package-name>.apk.classes
    
            String extractedFilePrefix = sourceApk.getName() + ".classes";
            prepareDexDir(dexDir, extractedFilePrefix);
            ArrayList files = new ArrayList();
            ZipFile apk = new ZipFile(sourceApk);
    
            try {
                int e = 2;
    
                // 扫描apk内所有classes2.dex、classes3.dex...文件
                for(ZipEntry dexFile = apk.getEntry("classes" + e + ".dex"); dexFile != null; dexFile = apk.getEntry("classes" + e + ".dex")) {
    
                    // 解压路径为 /data/data/<package-name>/secondary-dexes/<package-name>.classes2.dex.zip 、/data/data/<package-name>/secondary-dexes/<package-name>.classes3.dex.zip ...
                    String fileName = extractedFilePrefix + e + ".zip";
    
                    File extractedFile = new File(dexDir, fileName);
                    files.add(extractedFile);
    
                    Log.i("MultiDex", "Extraction is needed for file " + extractedFile);
                    
                    int numAttempts = 0;
                    boolean isExtractionSuccessful = false;
    
                    // 每个dex文件都会尝试3次解压
                    while(numAttempts < 3 && !isExtractionSuccessful) {
                        ++numAttempts;
                        extract(apk, dexFile, extractedFile, extractedFilePrefix);
                        isExtractionSuccessful = verifyZipFile(extractedFile);
                        Log.i("MultiDex", "Extraction " + (isExtractionSuccessful?"success":"failed") + " - length " + extractedFile.getAbsolutePath() + ": " + extractedFile.length());
                        if(!isExtractionSuccessful) {
                            extractedFile.delete();
                            if(extractedFile.exists()) {
                                Log.w("MultiDex", "Failed to delete corrupted secondary dex \'" + extractedFile.getPath() + "\'");
                            }
                        }
                    }
    
                    if(!isExtractionSuccessful) {
                        throw new IOException("Could not create zip file " + extractedFile.getAbsolutePath() + " for secondary dex (" + e + ")");
                    }
    
                    ++e;
                }
            } finally {
                try {
                    apk.close();
                } catch (IOException var16) {
                    Log.w("MultiDex", "Failed to close resource", var16);
                }
    
            }
    
            return files;
        }
    

    解压成功后,会保存本次解压所使用的apk信息,用于下次调用MultiDexExtractor.load时判断是否需要重新解压:

    private static void putStoredApkInfo(Context context,longtimeStamp,longcrc,inttotalDexNumber){
        SharedPreferences prefs = getMultiDexPreferences(context);
        Editor edit = prefs.edit();
    
        // apk最后修改时间戳
        edit.putLong("timestamp", timeStamp);
    
        // apk的CRC校验码
        edit.putLong("crc", crc);
    
        // dex的总数量
        edit.putInt("dex.number", totalDexNumber);
        apply(edit);
    }
    

    如果apk未被修改,将会调用loadExistingExtractions方法,直接加载上一次解压出来的文件

    privatestaticList<File>loadExistingExtractions(Context context, File sourceApk, File dexDir)throwsIOException{
            Log.i("MultiDex", "loading existing secondary dex files");
            String extractedFilePrefix = sourceApk.getName() + ".classes";
            int totalDexNumber = getMultiDexPreferences(context).getInt("dex.number", 1);
            ArrayList files = new ArrayList(totalDexNumber);
    
            for(int secondaryNumber = 2; secondaryNumber <= totalDexNumber; ++secondaryNumber) {
                String fileName = extractedFilePrefix + secondaryNumber + ".zip";
                File extractedFile = new File(dexDir, fileName);
                if(!extractedFile.isFile()) {
                    throw new IOException("Missing extracted secondary dex file \'" + extractedFile.getPath() + "\'");
                }
    
                files.add(extractedFile);
                if(!verifyZipFile(extractedFile)) {
                    Log.i("MultiDex", "Invalid zip file: " + extractedFile);
                    throw new IOException("Invalid ZIP file.");
                }
            }
    
            return files;
    }
    

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