结构体

基本概念

结构体：属于用户自定义的数据类型，允许用户存储不同的数据类型。

定义和使用

typedef struct Student {
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
}Student;

Student S1 = { "xiaohong",18,33 };

//C++中 创建结构体变量的时候 struct关键字 可以省略
struct Student {
    string name;
    int age;
    int score;
};
Student S1 = { "xiaohong",18,33 };

结构体数组

Student stuArr[3] = {
        {"jinghou",18,22},
        {"nihao",19,33},
        {"wenrou",21,22}
    };

结构体指针

Student s1 = { "wenrou",18,22 };
Student *pstu = &s1;

pstu->name = "nihao";
cout << pstu->name << endl;

结构体中 const 使用

//将函数中的形参改为指针，可以减少内存空间，而且不会复制新的副本出来
void printStu(const Student *s) {   //加const关键字 防止在函数中修改变量
    //s->age = 111; 
    cout << s->age << endl;
}

Student s1 = { "wenrou",18,22 };
printStu(&s1);

结构体案例1

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

struct Student {
    string name;
    int score;
};

struct Teacher
{
    string tName;
    Student stuArray[5];
};

void allocateSpace(Teacher tArray[], int len)
{
    string nameSeed = "ABCDE";
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        tArray[i].tName = "Teacher_";
        tArray[i].tName += nameSeed[i]; //注意这里赋值

        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
        {
            tArray[i].stuArray[j].name = "Student_";
            tArray[i].stuArray[j].name += nameSeed[j];
            int randScore = rand() % 61 + 40;   //随机40-100；
            tArray[i].stuArray[j].score = randScore;
        }
    }
}

void printInfo(Teacher tArray[], int len) {
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        cout << "老师姓名:" << tArray[i].tName << endl;
        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
        {
            cout << "学生姓名:" << tArray[i].stuArray[j].name <<"   ";
            cout << "学生分数:" << tArray[i].stuArray[j].score << endl;

        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));//设置随机数种子
    
    Teacher tArray[3];
    
    int len = sizeof(tArray) / sizeof(Teacher);
    
    allocateSpace(tArray, len);
    printInfo(tArray, len);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}