交通事故每年都会夺走很多生命，其中司机在观察方面有过错是一个重要原因。除了“该看没看”和“看了但没看到”之外，还有一种情况是虽然看到了，但是几秒以后就忘了，从而造成严重的车祸。
The memory loss that kills
Fatal crashes involving a car and a motorbike may be caused by glitches（小毛病） in drivers' short-term memory, according to a new study. And researchers say they could be prevented by motorists talking to themselves at the wheel.
fatal /ˈfeɪt(ə)l/ adj. 致命的、致死的
crash /kræʃ/ n. 车祸
motorbike /ˈməʊtəbaɪk/ n. 摩托车
cause /kɔːz/ v. 造成
short-term 短期的
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
motorist /ˈməʊt(ə)rɪst/ n. 汽车司机
the wheel /wiːl/ 方向盘
During their experiments, researchers analysed where drivers looked and what they remembered while crossing junctions in a driving simulator（模拟器）. The research team ran three separate studies which involved drivers stopping at junctions, pulling out of the junction and a third which tracked their head and eye movements.
analyse /ˈæn(ə)laɪz/ v. 分析
junction /ˈdʒʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ n. 交叉路口
run /rʌn/ v. 运行
pull out （汽车）起步、驶离
track /træk/ v. 追踪
movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 移动（由move加后缀-ment变成名词）
The big surprise from the research was the fact that some drivers have absolutely no recollection of seeing an oncoming vehicle at all even as they are about to pull out at a junction. Results suggest that it's what happens in the moments between seeing an approaching vehicle and pulling out that can lead to a complete absence of memory – particularly for approaching motorcycles.
recollection /ˌrekəˈlekʃ(ə)n/ n. 记忆
oncoming /ˈɒnˌkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 驶过来的、越来越近的
vehicle /ˈviːɪk(ə)l/ n. 车辆
suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 表明、提出
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v. 接近、靠近
lead to 导致
absence /ˈæbs(ə)ns/ n. 缺失
motorcycle /ˈməʊtəˌsaɪk(ə)l/ = motorbike
Nottingham University's Dr Peter Chapman, an expert in the psychology of driving, said: "These studies compellingly（令人信服地） demonstrate that even in safety-critical situations it is possible to observe dramatic failures of visual memory. These 'Saw but Forgot' (SBF) errors were remarkably frequent in the simulator and we have every reason to think that they may be equally prevalent（普遍发生的） in the real world."
psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 展示、展现
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全
critical /ˈkrɪtɪk(ə)l/ adj. 关键性的
observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 观察
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 急剧的、显著的
failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败
visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的
error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误
remarkably /rɪˈmɑːkəbli/ adv. 异乎寻常地
equally /ˈiːkwəli/ adv. 同样地、同等地（由equal加后缀-ly变成副词）
The findings also suggests many 'Look but Fail to See' (LBFTS) crashes could be called into question which could be more likely to be a case of SBF errors.
call into question 提出质疑
In the study, out of 180 memory tests, drivers failed to report a car on three occasions, and a motorcycle on 16 occasions, of which there were five occasions when the driver had not looked directly at the oncoming motorcycle.
occasion /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 一次
Dr Chapman said: "These could be examples of typical LBFTS errors where the driver looked in the right direction but failed to see the motorcycle. In contrast, on the remaining 11 occasions the driver clearly looked directly at the oncoming motorcycle, but couldn't remember it a few seconds later."
in contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ 相比之下
remaining /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/ adj. 剩下的
SBF errors were associated with more head movements and a longer gap between fixating（注视） on the motorcycle and pulling out and researchers suggest this is where the forgetting happens. Dr Chapman added: "Things the driver looks at between seeing the oncoming vehicle and pulling out might be overwriting the initial contents of visuospatial（视觉空间的） memory so information about the oncoming vehicle is no longer available at the time a decision is made to pull out."
associate /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ v. 联系、关联
gap /ɡæp/ n. 间断、时间间隔
overwrite /ˌəʊv(ə)ˈraɪt/ v. 改写
initial /ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 一开始的
contents /ˈkɒntents/ n. 内容
The research team suggests teaching drivers the "See Bike Say Bike" strategy, in that if they see a motorcycle approaching, they should say so out loud. Dr Chapman said: "If relevant visual information is encoded phonologically（用语音地） it has been shown that it is no longer subject to visuospatial interference."
strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略
relevant /ˈreləv(ə)nt/ adj. 相关的
encode /ɪnˈkəʊd/ v. 编码
subject to 受制于
interference /ˌɪntəˈfɪər(ə)ns/ n. 干扰（由interfere加后缀-ence变成名词）
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