1 Callable接口
Callable接口和Runnable接口功能相似。
执行Callable对象中的call方法可以抛出Checked Exception。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Callable<V> {
V call() throws Exception;
}
2 Runnable接口
执行Runnable对象中的run方法不会抛出Checked Exception。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
public abstract void run();
}
3 Future接口
一个Future对象代表一次异步计算的结果。
public interface Future<V> {
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
boolean isCancelled();
boolean isDone();
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
4 RunnableFuture接口
RunnableFuture接口是Runnable接口和Future接口的子接口。
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
// 这个run方法就是Runnable接口中的run方法
void run();
}
5 FutureTask
FutureTask实现了RunnableFuture接口。
5.1 FutureTask中的字段
(1)state:任务运行状态。
(2)callable:callable中的call方法是需要执行的任务。
(3)outcome:call方法的返回值或call方法抛出的异常。
(4)runner:执行call方法的线程。
(5)waiters:一个栈的栈顶元素,这个栈用于保存处于阻塞状态的线程。如果一个线程调用FutureTask中的get方法,则该线程可能处于阻塞状态。
private volatile int state;
private Callable<V> callable;
private Object outcome;
private volatile Thread runner;
private volatile WaitNode waiters;
5.2 FutureTask.WaitNode内部类
(1)thread:一个处于阻塞状态的线程。
(2)next:栈中下一个元素。
static final class WaitNode {
volatile Thread thread;
volatile WaitNode next;
WaitNode() { thread = Thread.currentThread(); }
}
5.3 FutureTask中的构造方法
public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.callable = callable;
this.state = NEW;
}
// 将runnable和result包装成callable
public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
this.state = NEW;
}
5.3.1 Executors中的callable方法
public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
}
public static Callable<Object> callable(Runnable task) {
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter<Object>(task, null);
}
public static Callable<Object> callable(final PrivilegedAction<?> action) {
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new Callable<Object>() {
public Object call() { return action.run(); }};
}
public static Callable<Object> callable(final PrivilegedExceptionAction<?> action) {
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new Callable<Object>() {
public Object call() throws Exception { return action.run(); }};
}
5.3.1.1 Executors.RunnableAdapter内部类
Executors.RunnableAdapter实现了Callable接口。
static final class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> {
final Runnable task;
final T result;
RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
this.task = task;
this.result = result;
}
public T call() {
task.run();
return result;
}
}
5.4 FutureTask中的任务运行状态
(1)NEW:callable中的call方法尚未执行或正在执行。
(2)COMPLETING:callable中的call方法执行完毕(正常结束或抛出异常),正在保存outcome(如果正常结束,outcome等于call方法的返回值;如果抛出异常,outcome等于call方法抛出的异常)。
(3)NORMAL:callable中的call方法正常结束,outcome保存完毕。
(4)EXCEPTIONAL:callable中的call方法抛出异常,outcome保存完毕。
(5)CANCELLED:任务运行状态等于NEW时,调用cancel(false)方法,任务运行状态转换为CANCELLED。
(6)INTERRUPTING:任务运行状态等于NEW时,调用cancel(true)方法,任务运行状态转换为INTERRUPTING。
(7)INTERRUPTED:任务运行状态转换为INTERRUPTING之后,中断runner,任务运行状态转换为INTERRUPTED。
private static final int NEW = 0;
private static final int COMPLETING = 1;
private static final int NORMAL = 2;
private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = 3;
private static final int CANCELLED = 4;
private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
private static final int INTERRUPTED = 6;
5.5 FutureTask中的任务运行状态的转换
(1)NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL:任务正常结束。
(2)NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL:任务抛出异常。
(3)NEW -> CANCELLED:任务被取消。
(4)NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED:任务被中断。
5.6 FutureTask中的run方法
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
// ran代表callable中的call方法是否正常结束
boolean ran;
try {
// 执行callable中的call方法
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
// call方法抛出异常
// 保存outcome;唤醒栈中所有线程,调用done方法,将callable设为null
// done方法是空方法,子类中可以重写该方法
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
// call方法正常结束
// 保存outcome;唤醒栈中所有线程,调用done方法,将callable设为null
// done方法是空方法,子类中可以重写该方法
set(result);
}
} finally {
runner = null;
int s = state;
// 如果任务运行状态等于INTERRUPTING或INTERRUPTED
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
5.6.1 FutureTask中的handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt方法
// 传入的s可能是INTERRUPTING、INTERRUPTED
private void handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(int s) {
if (s == INTERRUPTING)
while (state == INTERRUPTING)
Thread.yield();
}
5.7 FutureTask中的runAndReset方法
protected boolean runAndReset() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return false;
// ran代表callable中的call方法是否正常结束
boolean ran = false;
int s = state;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && s == NEW) {
try {
// 执行callable中的call方法
c.call();
// call方法正常结束
// 不保存outcome
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// call方法抛出异常
// 保存outcome;唤醒栈中所有线程,调用done方法,将callable设为null
// done方法是空方法,子类中可以重写该方法
setException(ex);
}
}
} finally {
runner = null;
s = state;
// 如果任务运行状态等于INTERRUPTING或INTERRUPTED
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
return ran && s == NEW;
}
5.8 FutureTask中的cancel方法
cancel方法执行时:
(1)如果任务运行状态不等于NEW,返回false。
(2)如果任务运行状态等于NEW并且call方法尚未执行,则call方法永远不会执行。
(3)如果任务运行状态等于NEW并且call方法正在执行但尚未执行完毕,传入的mayInterruptIfRunning决定是否中断runner。
cancel方法执行完毕:
(1)调用isDone方法会一直返回true。
(2)如果cancel方法返回true,调用isCancelled方法会一直返回true。
public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
if (!(state == NEW &&
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW,
mayInterruptIfRunning ? INTERRUPTING : CANCELLED)))
return false;
// 运行到这里,说明当前线程将任务运行状态从NEW转换为CANCELLED或INTERRUPTING
try {
if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {
try {
Thread t = runner;
if (t != null)
t.interrupt();
} finally {
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, INTERRUPTED);
}
}
} finally {
// 唤醒栈中所有线程,调用done方法,将callable设为null
// done方法是空方法,子类中可以重写该方法
finishCompletion();
}
return true;
}
5.9 FutureTask中的isCancelled方法
public boolean isCancelled() {
return state >= CANCELLED;
}
5.10 FutureTask中的isDone方法
public boolean isDone() {
return state != NEW;
}
5.11 FutureTask中的get方法
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
// 如果任务运行状态等于NEW或COMPLETING
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}
public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
if (unit == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int s = state;
// 如果(任务运行状态等于NEW或COMPLETING)并且(经过给定时间之后任务运行状态依然等于NEW或COMPLETING)
if (s <= COMPLETING &&
(s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)
throw new TimeoutException();
return report(s);
}
5.11.1 FutureTask中的report方法
// 传入的s可能是NORMAL、EXCEPTIONAL、CANCELLED、INTERRUPTING、INTERRUPTED
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
Object x = outcome;
// 如果任务运行状态等于NORMAL
if (s == NORMAL)
return (V)x;
// 如果任务运行状态等于CANCELLED或INTERRUPTING或INTERRUPTED
if (s >= CANCELLED)
throw new CancellationException();
// 如果任务运行状态等于EXCEPTIONAL
throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
}
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