简洁安装Nodejs环境

安装NVM

NVM是管理Node.js版本的工具。

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash

如果请求失败，可以直接在浏览器中打开install.sh，并保存到本地，然后执行即可。

nvm与n的区别：
功能是一样的，n更简单快速，而nvm功能更全面。

查看可用的Node.js版本

nvm ls-remote

安装特定版本的Node.js

nvm install --lts        # 安装最新的LTS版本
nvm install 18.20.4      # 安装18.20.4版本

切换Node.js版本

nvm use --lts            # 切换到最新的LTS版本
nvm use 18.20.4          # 切换到18.20.4版本

node -v 
v20.15.1

npm -v 
10.7.0 

// 查看全局node_module目录位置
npm root -g

下载安装yarn

npm install -g yarn

yarn -v
1.22.22

设置代理

npm config set proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7897
npm config set registry=http://registry.npmjs.org

这里的端口，可以从VPN软件中获取。

设置镜像源

// 设置淘宝镜像源
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm config get registry

yarn config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org/
yarn config get registry

附NVM的install.sh内容：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

{ # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #

nvm_has() {
  type "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
}

nvm_echo() {
  command printf %s\\n "$*" 2>/dev/null
}

if [ -z "${BASH_VERSION}" ] || [ -n "${ZSH_VERSION}" ]; then
  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
  nvm_echo >&2 'Error: the install instructions explicitly say to pipe the install script to `bash`; please follow them'
  exit 1
fi

nvm_grep() {
  GREP_OPTIONS='' command grep "$@"
}

nvm_default_install_dir() {
  [ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm"
}

nvm_install_dir() {
  if [ -n "$NVM_DIR" ]; then
    printf %s "${NVM_DIR}"
  else
    nvm_default_install_dir
  fi
}

nvm_latest_version() {
  nvm_echo "v0.39.7"
}

nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh() {
  local TEST_PROFILE
  TEST_PROFILE="${1-}"
  case "${TEST_PROFILE-}" in
    *"/.bashrc" | *"/.bash_profile" | *"/.zshrc" | *"/.zprofile")
      return
    ;;
    *)
      return 1
    ;;
  esac
}

#
# Outputs the location to NVM depending on:
# * The availability of $NVM_SOURCE
# * The presence of $NVM_INSTALL_GITHUB_REPO
# * The method used ("script" or "git" in the script, defaults to "git")
# NVM_SOURCE always takes precedence unless the method is "script-nvm-exec"
#
nvm_source() {
  local NVM_GITHUB_REPO
  NVM_GITHUB_REPO="${NVM_INSTALL_GITHUB_REPO:-nvm-sh/nvm}"
  if [ "${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}" != 'nvm-sh/nvm' ]; then
    { nvm_echo >&2 "$(cat)" ; } << EOF
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@    WARNING: REMOTE REPO IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!

The default repository for this install is \`nvm-sh/nvm\`,
but the environment variables \`\$NVM_INSTALL_GITHUB_REPO\` is
currently set to \`${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}\`.

If this is not intentional, interrupt this installation and
verify your environment variables.
EOF
  fi
  local NVM_VERSION
  NVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}"
  local NVM_METHOD
  NVM_METHOD="$1"
  local NVM_SOURCE_URL
  NVM_SOURCE_URL="$NVM_SOURCE"
  if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-exec" ]; then
    NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm-exec"
  elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-bash-completion" ]; then
    NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/bash_completion"
  elif [ -z "$NVM_SOURCE_URL" ]; then
    if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script" ]; then
      NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm.sh"
    elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_git" ] || [ -z "$NVM_METHOD" ]; then
      NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://github.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}.git"
    else
      nvm_echo >&2 "Unexpected value \"$NVM_METHOD\" for \$NVM_METHOD"
      return 1
    fi
  fi
  nvm_echo "$NVM_SOURCE_URL"
}

#
# Node.js version to install
#
nvm_node_version() {
  nvm_echo "$NODE_VERSION"
}

nvm_download() {
  if nvm_has "curl"; then
    curl --fail --compressed -q "$@"
  elif nvm_has "wget"; then
    # Emulate curl with wget
    ARGS=$(nvm_echo "$@" | command sed -e 's/--progress-bar /--progress=bar /' \
                            -e 's/--compressed //' \
                            -e 's/--fail //' \
                            -e 's/-L //' \
                            -e 's/-I /--server-response /' \
                            -e 's/-s /-q /' \
                            -e 's/-sS /-nv /' \
                            -e 's/-o /-O /' \
                            -e 's/-C - /-c /')
    # shellcheck disable=SC2086
    eval wget $ARGS
  fi
}

install_nvm_from_git() {
  local INSTALL_DIR
  INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"
  local NVM_VERSION
  NVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}"
  if [ -n "${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-}" ]; then
    # Check if version is an existing ref
    if command git ls-remote "$(nvm_source "git")" "$NVM_VERSION" | nvm_grep -q "$NVM_VERSION" ; then
      :
    # Check if version is an existing changeset
    elif ! nvm_download -o /dev/null "$(nvm_source "script-nvm-exec")"; then
      nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to find '$NVM_VERSION' version."
      exit 1
    fi
  fi

  local fetch_error
  if [ -d "$INSTALL_DIR/.git" ]; then
    # Updating repo
    nvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update using git"
    command printf '\r=> '
    fetch_error="Failed to update nvm with $NVM_VERSION, run 'git fetch' in $INSTALL_DIR yourself."
  else
    fetch_error="Failed to fetch origin with $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!"
    nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm from git to '$INSTALL_DIR'"
    command printf '\r=> '
    mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
    if [ "$(ls -A "${INSTALL_DIR}")" ]; then
      # Initializing repo
      command git init "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {
        nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to initialize nvm repo. Please report this!'
        exit 2
      }
      command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote add origin "$(nvm_source)" 2> /dev/null \
        || command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote set-url origin "$(nvm_source)" || {
        nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to add remote "origin" (or set the URL). Please report this!'
        exit 2
      }
    else
      # Cloning repo
      command git clone "$(nvm_source)" --depth=1 "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {
        nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to clone nvm repo. Please report this!'
        exit 2
      }
    fi
  fi
  # Try to fetch tag
  if command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin tag "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1 2>/dev/null; then
    :
  # Fetch given version
  elif ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1; then
    nvm_echo >&2 "$fetch_error"
    exit 1
  fi
  command git -c advice.detachedHead=false --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" checkout -f --quiet FETCH_HEAD || {
    nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to checkout the given version $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!"
    exit 2
  }
  if [ -n "$(command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" show-ref refs/heads/master)" ]; then
    if command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet 2>/dev/null; then
      command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet -D master >/dev/null 2>&1
    else
      nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
      command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch -D master >/dev/null 2>&1
    fi
  fi

  nvm_echo "=> Compressing and cleaning up git repository"
  if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" reflog expire --expire=now --all; then
    nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
  fi
  if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" gc --auto --aggressive --prune=now ; then
    nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
  fi
  return
}

#
# Automatically install Node.js
#
nvm_install_node() {
  local NODE_VERSION_LOCAL
  NODE_VERSION_LOCAL="$(nvm_node_version)"

  if [ -z "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" ]; then
    return 0
  fi

  nvm_echo "=> Installing Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
  nvm install "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
  local CURRENT_NVM_NODE

  CURRENT_NVM_NODE="$(nvm_version current)"
  if [ "$(nvm_version "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL")" == "$CURRENT_NVM_NODE" ]; then
    nvm_echo "=> Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL has been successfully installed"
  else
    nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to install Node.js $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
  fi
}

install_nvm_as_script() {
  local INSTALL_DIR
  INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"
  local NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL
  NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL="$(nvm_source script)"
  local NVM_EXEC_SOURCE
  NVM_EXEC_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-exec)"
  local NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE
  NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-bash-completion)"

  # Downloading to $INSTALL_DIR
  mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"
  if [ -f "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" ]; then
    nvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update the script"
  else
    nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm as script to '$INSTALL_DIR'"
  fi
  nvm_download -s "$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" || {
    nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL'"
    return 1
  } &
  nvm_download -s "$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {
    nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE'"
    return 2
  } &
  nvm_download -s "$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/bash_completion" || {
    nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE'"
    return 2
  } &
  for job in $(jobs -p | command sort)
  do
    wait "$job" || return $?
  done
  chmod a+x "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {
    nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to mark '$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec' as executable"
    return 3
  }
}

nvm_try_profile() {
  if [ -z "${1-}" ] || [ ! -f "${1}" ]; then
    return 1
  fi
  nvm_echo "${1}"
}

#
# Detect profile file if not specified as environment variable
# (eg: PROFILE=~/.myprofile)
# The echo'ed path is guaranteed to be an existing file
# Otherwise, an empty string is returned
#
nvm_detect_profile() {
  if [ "${PROFILE-}" = '/dev/null' ]; then
    # the user has specifically requested NOT to have nvm touch their profile
    return
  fi

  if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ] && [ -f "${PROFILE}" ]; then
    nvm_echo "${PROFILE}"
    return
  fi

  local DETECTED_PROFILE
  DETECTED_PROFILE=''

  if [ "${SHELL#*bash}" != "$SHELL" ]; then
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
      DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bashrc"
    elif [ -f "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]; then
      DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bash_profile"
    fi
  elif [ "${SHELL#*zsh}" != "$SHELL" ]; then
    if [ -f "$HOME/.zshrc" ]; then
      DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zshrc"
    elif [ -f "$HOME/.zprofile" ]; then
      DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zprofile"
    fi
  fi

  if [ -z "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then
    for EACH_PROFILE in ".profile" ".bashrc" ".bash_profile" ".zprofile" ".zshrc"
    do
      if DETECTED_PROFILE="$(nvm_try_profile "${HOME}/${EACH_PROFILE}")"; then
        break
      fi
    done
  fi

  if [ -n "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then
    nvm_echo "$DETECTED_PROFILE"
  fi
}

#
# Check whether the user has any globally-installed npm modules in their system
# Node, and warn them if so.
#
nvm_check_global_modules() {
  local NPM_COMMAND
  NPM_COMMAND="$(command -v npm 2>/dev/null)" || return 0
  [ -n "${NVM_DIR}" ] && [ -z "${NPM_COMMAND%%"$NVM_DIR"/*}" ] && return 0

  local NPM_VERSION
  NPM_VERSION="$(npm --version)"
  NPM_VERSION="${NPM_VERSION:--1}"
  [ "${NPM_VERSION%%[!-0-9]*}" -gt 0 ] || return 0

  local NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES
  NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES="$(
    npm list -g --depth=0 |
    command sed -e '/ npm@/d' -e '/ (empty)$/d'
  )"

  local MODULE_COUNT
  MODULE_COUNT="$(
    command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES" |
    command sed -ne '1!p' |                     # Remove the first line
    wc -l | command tr -d ' '                   # Count entries
  )"

  if [ "${MODULE_COUNT}" != '0' ]; then
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    nvm_echo '=> You currently have modules installed globally with `npm`. These will no'
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    nvm_echo '=> longer be linked to the active version of Node when you install a new node'
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    nvm_echo '=> with `nvm`; and they may (depending on how you construct your `$PATH`)'
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    nvm_echo '=> override the binaries of modules installed with `nvm`:'
    nvm_echo

    command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES"
    nvm_echo '=> If you wish to uninstall them at a later point (or re-install them under your'
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    nvm_echo '=> `nvm` Nodes), you can remove them from the system Node as follows:'
    nvm_echo
    nvm_echo '     $ nvm use system'
    nvm_echo '     $ npm uninstall -g a_module'
    nvm_echo
  fi
}

nvm_do_install() {
  if [ -n "${NVM_DIR-}" ] && ! [ -d "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then
    if [ -e "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then
      nvm_echo >&2 "File \"${NVM_DIR}\" has the same name as installation directory."
      exit 1
    fi

    if [ "${NVM_DIR}" = "$(nvm_default_install_dir)" ]; then
      mkdir "${NVM_DIR}"
    else
      nvm_echo >&2 "You have \$NVM_DIR set to \"${NVM_DIR}\", but that directory does not exist. Check your profile files and environment."
      exit 1
    fi
  fi
  # Disable the optional which check, https://www.shellcheck.net/wiki/SC2230
  # shellcheck disable=SC2230
  if nvm_has xcode-select && [ "$(xcode-select -p >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; echo $?)" = '2' ] && [ "$(which git)" = '/usr/bin/git' ] && [ "$(which curl)" = '/usr/bin/curl' ]; then
    nvm_echo >&2 'You may be on a Mac, and need to install the Xcode Command Line Developer Tools.'
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    nvm_echo >&2 'If so, run `xcode-select --install` and try again. If not, please report this!'
    exit 1
  fi
  if [ -z "${METHOD}" ]; then
    # Autodetect install method
    if nvm_has git; then
      install_nvm_from_git
    elif nvm_has curl || nvm_has wget; then
      install_nvm_as_script
    else
      nvm_echo >&2 'You need git, curl, or wget to install nvm'
      exit 1
    fi
  elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'git' ]; then
    if ! nvm_has git; then
      nvm_echo >&2 "You need git to install nvm"
      exit 1
    fi
    install_nvm_from_git
  elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'script' ]; then
    if ! nvm_has curl && ! nvm_has wget; then
      nvm_echo >&2 "You need curl or wget to install nvm"
      exit 1
    fi
    install_nvm_as_script
  else
    nvm_echo >&2 "The environment variable \$METHOD is set to \"${METHOD}\", which is not recognized as a valid installation method."
    exit 1
  fi

  nvm_echo

  local NVM_PROFILE
  NVM_PROFILE="$(nvm_detect_profile)"
  local PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR
  PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir | command sed "s:^$HOME:\$HOME:")"

  SOURCE_STR="\\nexport NVM_DIR=\"${PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR}\"\\n[ -s \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\"  # This loads nvm\\n"

  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
  COMPLETION_STR='[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"  # This loads nvm bash_completion\n'
  BASH_OR_ZSH=false

  if [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then
    local TRIED_PROFILE
    if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ]; then
      TRIED_PROFILE="${NVM_PROFILE} (as defined in \$PROFILE), "
    fi
    nvm_echo "=> Profile not found. Tried ${TRIED_PROFILE-}~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.zprofile, ~/.zshrc, and ~/.profile."
    nvm_echo "=> Create one of them and run this script again"
    nvm_echo "   OR"
    nvm_echo "=> Append the following lines to the correct file yourself:"
    command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"
    nvm_echo
  else
    if nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh "${NVM_PROFILE-}"; then
      BASH_OR_ZSH=true
    fi
    if ! command grep -qc '/nvm.sh' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then
      nvm_echo "=> Appending nvm source string to $NVM_PROFILE"
      command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"
    else
      nvm_echo "=> nvm source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"
    fi
    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
    if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && ! command grep -qc '$NVM_DIR/bash_completion' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then
      nvm_echo "=> Appending bash_completion source string to $NVM_PROFILE"
      command printf "$COMPLETION_STR" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"
    else
      nvm_echo "=> bash_completion source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"
    fi
  fi
  if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then
    nvm_echo "=> Please also append the following lines to the if you are using bash/zsh shell:"
    command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"
  fi

  # Source nvm
  # shellcheck source=/dev/null
  \. "$(nvm_install_dir)/nvm.sh"

  nvm_check_global_modules

  nvm_install_node

  nvm_reset

  nvm_echo "=> Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now:"
  command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"
  if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} ; then
    command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"
  fi
}

#
# Unsets the various functions defined
# during the execution of the install script
#
nvm_reset() {
  unset -f nvm_has nvm_install_dir nvm_latest_version nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh \
    nvm_source nvm_node_version nvm_download install_nvm_from_git nvm_install_node \
    install_nvm_as_script nvm_try_profile nvm_detect_profile nvm_check_global_modules \
    nvm_do_install nvm_reset nvm_default_install_dir nvm_grep
}

[ "_$NVM_ENV" = "_testing" ] || nvm_do_install

} # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #