美文网首页
使用NSSecureCoding协议进行对象编解码(转)

使用NSSecureCoding协议进行对象编解码(转)

作者: 怎样m | 来源:发表于2017-07-05 11:44 被阅读136次

    http://blog.jobbole.com/67655/
    NSCoding是把数据存储在iOS和Mac

    OS上的一种极其简单和方便的方式,它把模型对象直接转变成一个文件,然后再把这个文件重新加载到内存里,并不需要任何文件解析和序列化的逻辑。如果要把对象保存到一个数据文件中(假设这个对象实现了NSCoding协议),那么你可以像下面这样做:

    C++

    Foo *someFoo = [[Foo alloc] init];

    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:someFoo toFile:someFile];

    1

    2Foo*someFoo=[[Fooalloc]init];

    [NSKeyedArchiverarchiveRootObject:someFootoFile:someFile];

    稍后再加载它:

    C++

    Foo *someFoo = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:someFile];

    1

    Foo*someFoo=[NSKeyedUnarchiverunarchiveObjectWithFile:someFile];

    这样做对于编译进APP里的资源来说是可以的(例如nib文件,它在底层使用了NSCoding),但是使用NSCoding来读写用户数据文件的问题在于,把全部的类编码到一个文件里,也就间接地给了这个文件访问你APP里面实例类的权限。

    虽然你不能在一个NSCoded文件里(至少在iOS中的)存储可执行代码,但是一名黑客可以使用特制地文件骗过你的APP进入到实例化类中,这是你从没打算做的,或者是你想要在另一个不同的上下文时才做的。尽管以这种方式造成实际性的破坏很难,但是无疑会导致用户的APP崩溃掉或者数据丢失。

    在iOS6中,苹果引入了一个新的协议,是基于NSCoding的,叫做NSSecureCoding。NSSecureCoding和NSCoding是一样的,除了在解码时要同时指定key和要解码的对象的类,如果要求的类和从文件中解码出的对象的类不匹配,NSCoder会抛出异常,告诉你数据已经被篡改了。

    大部分支持NSCoding的系统对象都已经升级到支持NSSecureCoding了,所以能安全地写有关归档的代码,你可以确保正在加载的数据文件是安全的。实现的方式如下:

    C++

    // Set up NSKeyedUnarchiver to use secure coding

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:someFile];

    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];

    [unarchiver setRequiresSecureCoding:YES];

    // Decode object

    Foo *someFoo = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:NSKeyedArchiveRootObjectKey];

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7// Set up NSKeyedUnarchiver to use secure coding

    NSData*data=[NSDatadataWithContentsOfFile:someFile];

    NSKeyedUnarchiver*unarchiver=[[NSKeyedUnarchiveralloc]initForReadingWithData:data];

    [unarchiversetRequiresSecureCoding:YES];

    // Decode object

    Foo*someFoo=[unarchiverdecodeObjectForKey:NSKeyedArchiveRootObjectKey];

    注意一下,如果要让编写归档的代码是安全的,那么存储在文件中的每一个对象都要实现NSSecureCoding协议,否则会有异常抛出。如果要告诉框架自定义的类支持NSSecureCoding协议,那么你必须在initWithCoder:

    method方法中实现新的解码逻辑,并且supportsSecureCodin方法要返回YES。encodeWithCoder:方法没有变化,因为与安全相关的事是围绕加载进行的,而不是保存:

    C++

    @interface Foo : NSObject

    @property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber *property1;

    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *property2;

    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *property3;

    @end

    @implementation Foo

    + (BOOL)supportsSecureCoding

    {

    return YES;

    }

    - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder

    {

    if ((self = [super init]))

    {

    // Decode the property values by key, specifying the expected class

    _property1 = [coder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSNumber class] forKey:@"property1"];

    _property2 = [coder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSArray class] forKey:@"property2"];

    _property3 = [coder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSString class] forKey:@"property3"];

    }

    return self;

    }

    - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder

    {

    // Encode our ivars using string keys as normal

    [coder encodeObject:_property1 forKey:@"property1"];

    [coder encodeObject:_property2 forKey:@"property2"];

    [coder encodeObject:_property3 forKey:@"property3"];

    }

    @end

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    31

    32

    33

    34

    35

    36

    37

    38

    39

    40

    41

    42

    43

    44

    45

    46

    47

    48

    49

    50

    51

    52

    53

    54

    55

    56

    57@interfaceFoo:NSObject

    @property(nonatomic,strong)NSNumber*property1;

    @property(nonatomic,copy)NSArray*property2;

    @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString*property3;

    @end

    @implementationFoo

    +(BOOL)supportsSecureCoding

    {

    returnYES;

    }

    -(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder

    {

    if((self=[superinit]))

    {

    // Decode the property values by key, specifying the expected class

    _property1=[coderdecodeObjectOfClass:[NSNumberclass]forKey:@"property1"];

    _property2=[coderdecodeObjectOfClass:[NSArrayclass]forKey:@"property2"];

    _property3=[coderdecodeObjectOfClass:[NSStringclass]forKey:@"property3"];

    }

    returnself;

    }

    -(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder

    {

    // Encode our ivars using string keys as normal

    [coderencodeObject:_property1forKey:@"property1"];

    [coderencodeObject:_property2forKey:@"property2"];

    [coderencodeObject:_property3forKey:@"property3"];

    }

    @end

    几周前,我写了一篇关于如何自动实现NSCoding的文章,它利用反射机制确定运行时类的属性。

    这是一种给所有的模型对象添加NSCoding支持的很好的方式,在initWithCoder:/encodeWithCoder:

    方法中,你不再需要写重复的并且容易出错的代码了。但是我们使用的方法没有支持NSSecureCoding,因为我们不打算在对象被加载时校验其类型。

    那么怎么改善这个自动NSCoding系统,使其以正确的方式支持NSSecureCoding呢?

    回想一下,最开始的实现原理是利用class_copyPropertyList() 和 property_getName()这样两个运行时方法,产生属性名称列表,我们再把它们在数组中排序:

    C++

    // Import the Objective-C runtime headers

    #import

    - (NSArray *)propertyNames

    {

    // Get the list of properties

    unsigned int propertyCount;

    objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList([self class],

    &propertyCount);

    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:propertyCount];

    for (int i = 0; i < propertyCount; i++)

    {

    // Get property name

    objc_property_t property = properties[i];

    const char *propertyName = property_getName(property);

    NSString *key = @(propertyName);

    // Add to array

    [array addObject:key];

    }

    // Remember to free the list because ARC doesn't do that for us

    free(properties);

    return array;

    }

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    31

    32

    33

    34

    35

    36

    37

    38

    39

    40

    41

    42

    43// Import the Objective-C runtime headers

    #import

    -(NSArray*)propertyNames

    {

    // Get the list of properties

    unsignedintpropertyCount;

    objc_property_t*properties=class_copyPropertyList([selfclass],

    &propertyCount);

    NSMutableArray*array=[NSMutableArrayarrayWithCapacity:propertyCount];

    for(inti=0;i

    {

    // Get property name

    objc_property_tproperty=properties[i];

    constchar*propertyName=property_getName(property);

    NSString*key=@(propertyName);

    // Add to array

    [arrayaddObject:key];

    }

    // Remember to free the list because ARC doesn't do that for us

    free(properties);

    returnarray;

    }

    使用KVC(键-值编码),我们能够利用名称设置和获取一个对象的所有属性,并且在一个NSCoder对象中对这些属性进行编码/解码。

    为了要实现NSSecureCoding,我们要遵循同样的原则,但是不仅仅是获取属性名,还需要获取它们的类型。幸运地是,Objective C运行时存储了类的属性类型的详细信息,所以可以很容易和名字一起取到这些数据。

    一个类的属性可以是基本数据类型(例如整型、布尔类型和结构体),或者对象(例如字符串、数组等等)。KVC中的valueForKey: and

    setValue:forKey:方法实现了对基本类型的自动“装箱”,也就是说它们会把整型、布尔型和结构体各自转变成NSNumber和NSValue对象。这使事情变得简单了很多,因为我们只要处理装箱过的类型(对象)即可,所以我们可以声明属性类型为类,而不用为不同的属性类型调用不同的解码方法。

    尽管运行时方法没有提供已装箱的类名,但是它们提供了类型编码—一种特殊格式化的C风格的字符串,它包含了类型信息(与@encode(var);返回的形式一样)。因为没有方法自动获取到基本类型对应的装箱过的类,所以我们需要解析这个字符串,然后指定其合适的类型。

    类型编码字符串形式的文档说明在这里

    第一个字母代表了基本类型。Objective

    C使用一个唯一的字母表示每一个支持的基本类型,例如’i’表示integer,’f’表示float,’d’表示double,等等。对象用’@’表示(紧跟着的是类名),还有其他一些不常见的类型,例如’:’表示selectors,’#’表示类。

    结构体和联合体表示为大括号里面的表达式。只有几种类型是KVC机制所支持的,但是支持的那些类通常被装箱为NSValue对象,所以可用一种方式处理以’{’开头的任何值。

    如果根据字符串的首字母来转换,那么我们可以处理所有已知的类型:

    C++

    Class propertyClass = nil;

    char *typeEncoding = property_copyAttributeValue(property, "T");

    switch (typeEncoding[0])

    {

    case 'c': // Numeric types

    case 'i':

    case 's':

    case 'l':

    case 'q':

    case 'C':

    case 'I':

    case 'S':

    case 'L':

    case 'Q':

    case 'f':

    case 'd':

    case 'B':

    {

    propertyClass = [NSNumber class];

    break;

    }

    case '*': // C-String

    {

    propertyClass = [NSString class];

    break;

    }

    case '@': // Object

    {

    //TODO: get class name

    break;

    }

    case '{': // Struct

    {

    propertyClass = [NSValue class];

    break;

    }

    case '[': // C-Array

    case '(': // Enum

    case '#': // Class

    case ':': // Selector

    case '^': // Pointer

    case 'b': // Bitfield

    case '?': // Unknown type

    default:

    {

    propertyClass = nil; // Not supported by KVC

    break;

    }

    }

    free(typeEncoding);

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    31

    32

    33

    34

    35

    36

    37

    38

    39

    40

    41

    42

    43

    44

    45

    46

    47

    48

    49

    50

    51

    52

    53

    54

    55

    56

    57

    58

    59

    60

    61

    62

    63

    64

    65

    66

    67

    68

    69

    70

    71

    72

    73

    74

    75

    76

    77

    78

    79

    80

    81

    82

    83

    84

    85

    86

    87

    88

    89

    90

    91

    92

    93

    94

    95

    96

    97

    98

    99ClasspropertyClass=nil;

    char*typeEncoding=property_copyAttributeValue(property,"T");

    switch(typeEncoding[0])

    {

    case'c':// Numeric types

    case'i':

    case's':

    case'l':

    case'q':

    case'C':

    case'I':

    case'S':

    case'L':

    case'Q':

    case'f':

    case'd':

    case'B':

    {

    propertyClass=[NSNumberclass];

    break;

    }

    case'*':// C-String

    {

    propertyClass=[NSStringclass];

    break;

    }

    case'@':// Object

    {

    //TODO: get class name

    break;

    }

    case'{':// Struct

    {

    propertyClass=[NSValueclass];

    break;

    }

    case'[':// C-Array

    case'(':// Enum

    case'#':// Class

    case':':// Selector

    case'^':// Pointer

    case'b':// Bitfield

    case'?':// Unknown type

    default:

    {

    propertyClass=nil;// Not supported by KVC

    break;

    }

    }

    free(typeEncoding);

    如果要处理’@’类型,则需要提去出类名。类名可能包括协议(实际上我们并不需要用到),所以划分字符串拿准确的类名,然后使用NSClassFromString得到类:

    C++

    case '@':

    {

    // The objcType for classes will always be at least 3 characters long

    if (strlen(typeEncoding) >= 3)

    {

    // Copy the class name as a C-String

    char *cName = strndup(typeEncoding + 2, strlen(typeEncoding) - 3);

    // Convert to an NSString for easier manipulation

    NSString *name = @(cName);

    // Strip out and protocols from the end of the class name

    NSRange range = [name rangeOfString:@"<"];

    if (range.location != NSNotFound)

    {

    name = [name substringToIndex:range.location];

    }

    // Get class from name, or default to NSObject if no name is found

    propertyClass = NSClassFromString(name) ?: [NSObject class];

    free(cName);

    }

    break;

    }

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    31

    32

    33

    34

    35

    36

    37

    38

    39

    40case'@':

    {

    // The objcType for classes will always be at least 3 characters long

    if(strlen(typeEncoding)>=3)

    {

    // Copy the class name as a C-String

    char*cName=strndup(typeEncoding+2,strlen(typeEncoding)-3);

    // Convert to an NSString for easier manipulation

    NSString*name=@(cName);

    // Strip out and protocols from the end of the class name

    NSRangerange=[namerangeOfString:@"<"];

    if(range.location!=NSNotFound)

    {

    name=[namesubstringToIndex:range.location];

    }

    // Get class from name, or default to NSObject if no name is found

    propertyClass=NSClassFromString(name)?:[NSObjectclass];

    free(cName);

    }

    break;

    }

    最后,把上面的解析过程和前面实现的propertyNames方法结合起来,创建一个方法返回属性类的字典,属性名称作为字典的键。下面是完成的实现过程:

    - (NSDictionary *)propertyClassesByName

    {

    // Check for a cached value (we use _cmd as the cache key,

    // which represents @selector(propertyNames))

    NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = objc_getAssociatedObject([self class], _cmd);

    if (dictionary)

    {

    return dictionary;

    }

    // Loop through our superclasses until we hit NSObject

    dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

    Class subclass = [self class];

    while (subclass != [NSObject class])

    {

    unsigned int propertyCount;

    objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(subclass,

    &propertyCount);

    for (int i = 0; i < propertyCount; i++)

    {

    // Get property name

    objc_property_t property = properties[i];

    const char *propertyName = property_getName(property);

    NSString *key = @(propertyName);

    // Check if there is a backing ivar

    char *ivar = property_copyAttributeValue(property, "V");

    if (ivar)

    {

    // Check if ivar has KVC-compliant name

    NSString *ivarName = @(ivar);

    if ([ivarName isEqualToString:key] ||

    [ivarName isEqualToString:[@"_" stringByAppendingString:key]])

    {

    // Get type

    Class propertyClass = nil;

    char *typeEncoding = property_copyAttributeValue(property, "T");

    switch (typeEncoding[0])

    {

    case 'c': // Numeric types

    case 'i':

    case 's':

    case 'l':

    case 'q':

    case 'C':

    case 'I':

    case 'S':

    case 'L':

    case 'Q':

    case 'f':

    case 'd':

    case 'B':

    {

    propertyClass = [NSNumber class];

    break;

    }

    case '*': // C-String

    {

    propertyClass = [NSString class];

    break;

    }

    case '@': // Object

    {

    //TODO: get class name

    break;

    }

    case '{': // Struct

    {

    propertyClass = [NSValue class];

    break;

    }

    case '[': // C-Array

    case '(': // Enum

    case '#': // Class

    case ':': // Selector

    case '^': // Pointer

    case 'b': // Bitfield

    case '?': // Unknown type

    default:

    {

    propertyClass = nil; // Not supported by KVC

    break;

    }

    }

    free(typeEncoding);

    // If known type, add to dictionary

    if (propertyClass) dictionary[propertyName] = propertyClass;

    }

    free(ivar);

    }

    }

    free(properties);

    subclass = [subclass superclass];

    }

    // Cache and return dictionary

    objc_setAssociatedObject([self class], _cmd, dictionary,

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);

    return dictionary;

    }

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    31

    32

    33

    34

    35

    36

    37

    38

    39

    40

    41

    42

    43

    44

    45

    46

    47

    48

    49

    50

    51

    52

    53

    54

    55

    56

    57

    58

    59

    60

    61

    62

    63

    64

    65

    66

    67

    68

    69

    70

    71

    72

    73

    74

    75

    76

    77

    78

    79

    80

    81

    82

    83

    84

    85

    86

    87

    88

    89

    90

    91

    92

    93

    94

    95

    96

    97

    98

    99

    100

    101

    102

    103

    104

    105

    106

    107

    108

    109

    110

    111

    112

    113

    114

    115

    116

    117

    118

    119

    120

    121

    122

    123

    124

    125

    126

    127

    128

    129

    130

    131

    132

    133

    134

    135

    136

    137

    138

    139

    140

    141

    142

    143

    144

    145

    146

    147

    148

    149

    150

    151

    152

    153

    154

    155

    156

    157

    158

    159

    160

    161

    162

    163

    164

    165

    166

    167

    168

    169

    170

    171

    172

    173

    174

    175

    176

    177

    178

    179

    180

    181

    182

    183

    184

    185

    186

    187

    188

    189

    190

    191

    192

    193-(NSDictionary *)propertyClassesByName

    {

    // Check for a cached value (we use _cmd as the cache key,

    // which represents @selector(propertyNames))

    NSMutableDictionary *dictionary=objc_getAssociatedObject([selfclass],_cmd);

    if(dictionary)

    {

    returndictionary;

    }

    // Loop through our superclasses until we hit NSObject

    dictionary=[NSMutableDictionarydictionary];

    Classsubclass=[selfclass];

    while(subclass!=[NSObjectclass])

    {

    unsignedintpropertyCount;

    objc_property_t *properties=class_copyPropertyList(subclass,

    &propertyCount);

    for(inti=0;i<propertyCount;i++)

    {

    // Get property name

    objc_property_tproperty=properties[i];

    constchar*propertyName=property_getName(property);

    NSString *key=@(propertyName);

    // Check if there is a backing ivar

    char*ivar=property_copyAttributeValue(property,"V");

    if(ivar)

    {

    // Check if ivar has KVC-compliant name

    NSString *ivarName=@(ivar);

    if([ivarNameisEqualToString:key]||

    [ivarNameisEqualToString:[@"_"stringByAppendingString:key]])

    {

    // Get type

    ClasspropertyClass=nil;

    char*typeEncoding=property_copyAttributeValue(property,"T");

    switch(typeEncoding[0])

    {

    case'c': // Numeric types

    case'i':

    case's':

    case'l':

    case'q':

    case'C':

    case'I':

    case'S':

    case'L':

    case'Q':

    case'f':

    case'd':

    case'B':

    {

    propertyClass=[NSNumberclass];

    break;

    }

    case'*': // C-String

    {

    propertyClass=[NSStringclass];

    break;

    }

    case'@': // Object

    {

    //TODO: get class name

    break;

    }

    case'{': // Struct

    {

    propertyClass=[NSValueclass];

    break;

    }

    case'[': // C-Array

    case'(': // Enum

    case'#': // Class

    case':': // Selector

    case'^': // Pointer

    case'b': // Bitfield

    case'?': // Unknown type

    default:

    {

    propertyClass=nil;// Not supported by KVC

    break;

    }

    }

    free(typeEncoding);

    // If known type, add to dictionary

    if(propertyClass)dictionary[propertyName]=propertyClass;

    }

    free(ivar);

    }

    }

    free(properties);

    subclass=[subclasssuperclass];

    }

    // Cache and return dictionary

    objc_setAssociatedObject([selfclass],_cmd,dictionary,

    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);

    returndictionary;

    }

    最难的部分已经完成了。现在,要实现NSSecureCoding,只要将initWithCoder:方法中之前写的自动编码实现的部分,改为在解析时考虑到属性的类就可以了。此外,还需让supportsSecureCoding方法返回YES:

    C++

    + (BOOL)supportsSecureCoding

    {

    return YES;

    }

    - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder

    {

    if ((self = [super init]))

    {

    // Decode the property values by key, specifying the expected class

    [[self propertyClassesByName] enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:(void (^)(NSString *key, Class propertyClass, BOOL *stop)) {

    id object = [aDecoder decodeObjectOfClass:propertyClass forKey:key];

    if (object) [self setValue:object forKey:key];

    }];

    }

    return self;

    }

    - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder

    {

    for (NSString *key in [self propertyClassesByName])

    {

    id object = [self valueForKey:key];

    if (object) [aCoder encodeObject:object forKey:key];

    }

    }

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    31

    32

    33

    34

    35

    36

    37

    38

    39

    40

    41

    42

    43

    44

    45

    46

    47+(BOOL)supportsSecureCoding

    {

    returnYES;

    }

    -(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder

    {

    if((self=[superinit]))

    {

    // Decode the property values by key, specifying the expected class

    [[selfpropertyClassesByName]enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:(void(^)(NSString*key,ClasspropertyClass,BOOL*stop)){

    idobject=[aDecoderdecodeObjectOfClass:propertyClassforKey:key];

    if(object)[selfsetValue:objectforKey:key];

    }];

    }

    returnself;

    }

    -(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder*)aCoder

    {

    for(NSString*keyin[selfpropertyClassesByName])

    {

    idobject=[selfvalueForKey:key];

    if(object)[aCoderencodeObject:objectforKey:key];

    }

    }

    这样就得到了一个用于描述模型对象的简单的基类,并且它以正确的方式支持NSSecureCoding。此外,你可以使用我的AutoCoding扩展,它利用这种方法自动给没有实现NSCoding 和 NSSecureCoding协议的对象添加对它们的支持。

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:使用NSSecureCoding协议进行对象编解码(转)

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/rutqhxtx.html