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Context创建过程解析

Context创建过程解析

作者: Leon_hy | 来源:发表于2020-03-04 17:16 被阅读0次

    文章参考《Android进阶解密》一书

    一、概述

    Context也就是上下文对象,是Android的常用类,Android四大组件都会涉及到Context,比如我们启动Service会调用ContextWrapper以及ContextImpl的startService方法,ContextWrapper以及ContextImpl就是Context的关联类。

    二、Context的关联类

    Context意为上下文,是一个应用程序环境信息的接口。在我们使用时一般分为两种:

    • 使用Context调用方法,比如启动Activity、访问资源、调用系统级服务等
    • 调用方法时传入Context,比如弹出Toast、Dialog等

    Activity、Service、Application都间接地继承自Context,因此我们可以计算出一个应用程序的Context数量,等于Activity和Service的数量加1,1指的是Application数量。

    Context是一个抽象类,它的内部定义了很多方法以及静态常量,它的具体实现类为ContextImpl。和Context相关联的类,除了ContextImpl,还有ContextWrapper、ContextThemeWrapper和Activity等,如下图:


    image.png

    从上图可以看出ContextWrapper、Context继承自Context,ContextWrapper内部包含Context类型的mBase对象,mBase对象只想ContextImpl.ContextImpl提供了很多功能,ContextWrapper是一个装饰类,对ContextImpl进行包装,ContextWrapper主要是起到了方法传递的功能,ContextWrapper几乎所有的方法都是调用ContextImpl的相应方法实现的。ContextThemeWrapper、Activity、Service都继承自ContextWrapper,这样它们就可以通过mBase使用Context的功能了。Activity有主题的相关设置,所以继承了ContextThemeWrapper里面有设置或者gettheme的方法。<br />Context的关联类采用了装饰模式,主要有以下优点:

    • 使用者可以更方便的使用Context
    • 如果ContextImpl发生改变,不需要修改其它地方的代码
    • ContextImpl的实现不会暴露给使用者,使用者也无需要关心ContextImpl的实现。
    • 通过组合而非继承的方式,拓展ContextImpl的功能,在运行时选择不同的装饰类,实现不同的功能。

    下面我们来分别讲解一下个Context的创建过程。

    三、Application Context的创建过程

    调用getApplicationContext来获取全局的Application Context。应用程序启动完成后,应用程序就会有一个全局的Application Context。我们从应用程序的启动过程开始。<br />ActivityThread作为应用程序的主线程管理类,它会调用它的内部类ApplicationThread色scheduleLaunchActivity方法来启动Activity

     // we use token to identify this activity without having to send the
            // activity itself back to the activity manager. (matters more with ipc)
            @Override
            public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
                    ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
                    CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
                    int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
                    List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
                    boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
    
                updateProcessState(procState, false);
    
                ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
    
                r.token = token;
                r.ident = ident;
                r.intent = intent;
                r.referrer = referrer;
                r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
                r.activityInfo = info;
                r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
                r.state = state;
                r.persistentState = persistentState;
    
                r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
                r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
    
                r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
                r.isForward = isForward;
    
                r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
    
                r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
                updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
    
                sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
            }
    

    应用启动以后启动Activity会通过Binder跨进程调用ActivityManagerService(AMS)里面,AMS里面持有ApplicationThread的IBinder引用,跨进程调用scheduleLaunchActivity方法,scheduleLaunchActivity最后通过Handler发送H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY消息,最后调用ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity方法。

      private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
            // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
            // we are back active so skip it.
            unscheduleGcIdler();
            mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
    
            if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
                mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
                mProfiler.startProfiling();
            }
    
            // Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
            handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
    
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
    
            // Initialize before creating the activity
            WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
    
            Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
    
            if (a != null) {
                r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
                reportSizeConfigurations(r);
                Bundle oldState = r.state;
                handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
                        !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
                ............
                }
            } else {
                // If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity manager to stop us.
                try {
                    ActivityManager.getService()
                        .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null,
                                Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY);
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                    throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
                }
            }
        }
    
    

    然后调用performLaunchActivity方法

     private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
            // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
            。。。。。。。
            try {
                Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
            。。。。。。。
            return activity;
        }
    
    

    这里简化了一下代码,最后会调用ActivityClientRecord.packageInfo.makeApplication()

      public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
                Instrumentation instrumentation) {
            if (mApplication != null) {
                return mApplication;
            }
    
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "makeApplication");
    
            Application app = null;
    
            String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
            if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
                appClass = "android.app.Application";
            }
    
            try {
                。。。。。。。
                ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
                app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                        cl, appClass, appContext);
                appContext.setOuterContext(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                。。。。。。。。
            }
            mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
            mApplication = app;
    
            if (instrumentation != null) {
                try {
                    instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                。。。。。。。。。。。    
                }
            }
            return app;
        }
    
    

    当mApplication不为null时,直接返回mApplication,如果第一次启动程序mApplication为null,通过ContextImpl.createAppContext来创建ContextImpl。mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication中传入参数ClassLoader和上面的ContextImpl对象创建Application,然后又将app赋值给ContextImpl的mOuterContext,这样COntext也持有Application的引用了,最后将Application赋值给LoadedApk的mApplication,mApplication就是Application类型的对象。下面的代码就是Application的创建方法:

      static public Application newApplication(Class<?> clazz, Context context)
                throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 
                ClassNotFoundException {
            Application app = (Application)clazz.newInstance();
            app.attach(context);
            return app;
        }
    

    这里是通过反射来创建Application,并调用了attach方法,将ContextImpl传进去,最后返回该Application。

     /**
         * @hide
         */
        /* package */ final void attach(Context context) {
            attachBaseContext(context);
            mLoadedApk = ContextImpl.getImpl(context).mPackageInfo;
        }
    

    这里调用了attachBaseContext(context),在Application的父类ContextWrapper里面调用

      protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
            if (mBase != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Base context already set");
            }
            mBase = base;
        }
    

    将ContextImpl赋值给mBase,ContextImpl也是Context的实现类,将ContextImpl赋值给ContextWrapper的mBase,这样ContextWrapper就可以用mBase调用Context里面的方法了,而Application继承自ContextWrapper,所以Application也可以调用Context里面的方法了。

    四、Activity Context的创建过程

    Activity的Context也是在performLaunchActivity方法创建的。

     private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
            // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
         
           。。。。。。
            ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
            Activity activity = null;
            try {
                java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
                activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                        cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
                StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
                r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
                r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
                if (r.state != null) {
                    r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to instantiate activity " + component
                        + ": " + e.toString(), e);
                }
            }
    
            try {
                Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
    
                if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
                if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                        TAG, r + ": app=" + app
                        + ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
                        + ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
                        + ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
                        + ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());
    
                if (activity != null) {
                    CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
                    Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
                    if (r.overrideConfig != null) {
                        config.updateFrom(r.overrideConfig);
                    }
                    if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
                            + r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
                    Window window = null;
                    if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
                        window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
                        r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
                        r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
                    }
                    appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
                    activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                            r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                            r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
                            r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
                }
            }       
            return activity;
        }
    

    首先通过 createBaseContextForActivity(r)创建ContextImpl实例appContext,将创建的Activity设置到ContextImpl的outContext,这样Context里面就可以访问Activity的变量和方法,最后Activity的attach方法,将ContextImpl对象传进去。这后面跟Application差不多,会在Activity的attach方法调用attachBaseContext(context)方法,将ContextImpl复制给ContextWrapper的mBase引用,Activity继承自ContextWrapper,这样Activity就可以调用Context里面的方法了。

    五、Service Context的创建过程

    Service的Context创建其实跟上面两个差不多,只不过是在Service类里面执行,此处就不过多叙述了。大家自己去看源码就可以了

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