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Android 流畅度评测知多少

Android 流畅度评测知多少

作者: 程序员Android1 | 来源:发表于2021-08-02 11:42 被阅读0次

    和你一起终身学习,这里是程序员 Android

    经典好文推荐,通过阅读本文,您将收获以下知识点:

    一、FPS评测应用流畅度不准确
    二、Choreographer帧率检测原理
    三、如何检测

    一、FPS评测应用流畅度不准确

    说到应用的流畅度,都会想到FPS,系统获取FPS的原理是:手机屏幕显示的内容是通过Android系统的SurfaceFLinger类,把当前系统里所有进程需要显示的信息合成一帧,然后提交到屏幕上进行显示,FPS就是1秒内SurfaceFLinger提交到屏幕的帧数。用FPS来评测一个应用是否真的卡顿存在两个问题。

    • 有的时候FPS很低,APP看起来却很流畅;
    • APP停止操作之后,FPS还是在一直变化,这种情况是否会影响到FPS的准确度?
      有的时候FPS很低,APP看起来却很流畅,是因为当前界面在1秒内只需要10帧的显示需求,当然不会卡顿,此时FPS只要高于10就可以了,如果屏幕根本没有绘制需求,那FPS的值就是0。

    Android性能优化第(四)篇---Android渲染机制说过,Android系统每隔16ms发出VSYNC信号,触发对UI的渲染,16ms没完成绘制就会卡顿。VSync机制就像是一台转速固定的发动机(60转/s)。每一转会带动着去做一些UI相关的事情,但不是每一转都会有工作去做(就像有时在空挡,有时在D档)。有时候因为各种阻力某一圈工作量比较重超过了16.6ms,那么这台发动机这秒内就不是60转了,当然也有可能被其他因素影响,比如给油不足(主线程里干的活太多)等等,就会出现转速降低的状况。我们把这个转速叫做流畅度。当流畅度越小的时候说明当前程序越卡顿。

    二、Choreographer帧率检测原理

    我们有时候会看到这样的log,系统帮助我们打印出了跳帧数。

    02-07 19:47:04.333 17601-17604/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest D/dalvikvm: GC_CONCURRENT freed 143K, 3% free 9105K/9384K, paused 2ms+0ms, total 6ms
    02-07 19:47:04.337 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 60 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:11.685 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 85 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:12.545 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 37 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:14.893 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 37 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:23.049 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 36 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:23.929 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 37 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:24.961 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 61 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:25.817 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 36 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    02-07 19:47:26.433 17601-17601/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest I/Choreographer: Skipped 36 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
    
    

    这个log就出自于Choreographer中(英[ˌkɒrɪ'ɒɡrəfə(r)] 美[ˌkɒrɪ'ɒɡrəfə(r)])。

    void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos, int frame) {
            final long startNanos;
            synchronized (mLock) {
                if (!mFrameScheduled) {
                    return; // no work to do
                }
    
                if (DEBUG_JANK && mDebugPrintNextFrameTimeDelta) {
                    mDebugPrintNextFrameTimeDelta = false;
                    Log.d(TAG, "Frame time delta: "
                            + ((frameTimeNanos - mLastFrameTimeNanos) * 0.000001f) + " ms");
                }
    
                long intendedFrameTimeNanos = frameTimeNanos;
                startNanos = System.nanoTime();
                final long jitterNanos = startNanos - frameTimeNanos;
                if (jitterNanos >= mFrameIntervalNanos) {
                    final long skippedFrames = jitterNanos / mFrameIntervalNanos;
                    if (skippedFrames >= SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT) {
                        Log.i(TAG, "Skipped " + skippedFrames + " frames!  "
                                + "The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.");
                    }
                    final long lastFrameOffset = jitterNanos % mFrameIntervalNanos;
                    if (DEBUG_JANK) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Missed vsync by " + (jitterNanos * 0.000001f) + " ms "
                                + "which is more than the frame interval of "
                                + (mFrameIntervalNanos * 0.000001f) + " ms!  "
                                + "Skipping " + skippedFrames + " frames and setting frame "
                                + "time to " + (lastFrameOffset * 0.000001f) + " ms in the past.");
                    }
                    frameTimeNanos = startNanos - lastFrameOffset;
                }
            }
    
        }
    
    

    其中SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT是Choreographer的成员变量。

      // Set a limit to warn about skipped frames.
      // Skipped frames imply jank.
      private static final int SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT =SystemProperties.getInt( "debug.choreographer.skipwarning", 30);
    
    

    也就是当跳帧数大于设置的SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT 值时会在当前进程输出这个log。由于 SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT 的值默认为 30,所以上面的log并不是经常看到,如果我们用反射的方法把SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT的值设置成1,这样可以保证只要有丢帧,就会有上面的log输出来。

    static {
            try {
                Field field = Choreographer.class.getDeclaredField("SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT");
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(Choreographer.class,1);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    

    注意,这个方案是 API 16 以上才支持。Choreographer就是一个消息处理器,根据vsync 信号 来计算frame,而计算frame的方式就是处理三种回调,包括事件回调、动画回调、绘制回调。这三种事件在消息输入、加入动画、准备绘图layout 等动作时均会发给Choreographer。一句话,我们只要捕获这个log提取出skippedFrames 就可以知道界面是否卡顿。

    三、如何检测

    采用上面的方式就可以在App内部观测当前App的流畅度了。并且在丢帧的地方打印,就可以知道丢帧的大概原因,大概位置,定位代码问题。

    在Choreographer中有个回调接口,FrameCallback。

    public interface FrameCallback {  
      //当新的一帧被绘制的时候被调用。  
       public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos);
    }
    
    

    根据上面的代码,重写doFrame方法,所以照葫芦画瓢,自定义FrameCallback。我们可以在每一帧被渲染的时候记录下它开始渲染的时间,这样在下一帧被处理时,判断上一帧在渲染过程中是否出现掉帧。

    public class SMFrameCallback implements Choreographer.FrameCallback {
    
        public static  SMFrameCallback sInstance;
    
        private String TAG="SMFrameCallback";
    
        public static final float deviceRefreshRateMs=16.6f;
    
        public static  long lastFrameTimeNanos=0;//纳秒为单位
    
        public static  long currentFrameTimeNanos=0;
    
        public void start() {
            Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(SMFrameCallback.getInstance());
        }
    
        public static SMFrameCallback getInstance() {
            if (sInstance == null) {
                sInstance = new SMFrameCallback();
            }
            return sInstance;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
            if(lastFrameTimeNanos==0){
                lastFrameTimeNanos=frameTimeNanos;
                Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this);
                return;
            }
            currentFrameTimeNanos=frameTimeNanos;
            float value=(currentFrameTimeNanos-lastFrameTimeNanos)/1000000.0f;
    
            final int skipFrameCount = skipFrameCount(lastFrameTimeNanos, currentFrameTimeNanos, deviceRefreshRateMs);
            Log.e(TAG,"两次绘制时间间隔value="+value+"  frameTimeNanos="+frameTimeNanos+"  currentFrameTimeNanos="+currentFrameTimeNanos+"  skipFrameCount="+skipFrameCount+"");
            lastFrameTimeNanos=currentFrameTimeNanos;
            Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this);
        }
    
        /**
         *
         *计算跳过多少帧
         * @param start
         * @param end
         * @param devicefreshRate
         * @return
         */
        private  int skipFrameCount(long start,long end,float devicefreshRate){
            int count =0;
            long diffNs=end-start;
            long diffMs = Math.round(diffNs / 1000000.0f);
            long dev=Math.round(devicefreshRate);
            if(diffMs>dev){
                long skipCount=diffMs/dev;
                count=(int)skipCount;
            }
            return  count;
        }
    }
    
    

    在需要检测的Activity中调用 SMFrameCallback.getInstance().start()即可。一般优化一下,可以在BaseActivity去调用或者Activitylifecyclecallbacks中去调用.
    正常情况下输出的日志是:

    02-07 20:18:52.605 6683-6683/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=6996166386820  currentFrameTimeNanos=6996166386820  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:18:52.621 6683-6683/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=6996183053486  currentFrameTimeNanos=6996183053486  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:18:52.637 6683-6683/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=6996199720152  currentFrameTimeNanos=6996199720152  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:18:52.657 6683-6683/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=6996216386818  currentFrameTimeNanos=6996216386818  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:18:52.673 6683-6683/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=6996233053484  currentFrameTimeNanos=6996233053484  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:18:52.689 6683-6683/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=6996249720150  currentFrameTimeNanos=6996249720150  skipFrameCount=0
    
    

    有跳帧的时候输出的日志是

    02-07 20:21:53.909 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=7177466379568  currentFrameTimeNanos=7177466379568  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:21:53.925 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=7177483046234  currentFrameTimeNanos=7177483046234  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:21:54.133 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=200.0  frameTimeNanos=7177683046226  currentFrameTimeNanos=7177683046226  skipFrameCount=11
    02-07 20:21:54.745 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=616.6666  frameTimeNanos=7178299712868  currentFrameTimeNanos=7178299712868  skipFrameCount=36
    02-07 20:21:54.757 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=7178316379534  currentFrameTimeNanos=7178316379534  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:21:54.773 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=7178333046200  currentFrameTimeNanos=7178333046200  skipFrameCount=0
    02-07 20:21:54.789 9530-9530/zhangwan.wj.com.choreographertest E/SMFrameCallback: 两次绘制时间间隔value=16.666666  frameTimeNanos=7178349712866  currentFrameTimeNanos=7178349712866  skipFrameCount=0
    
    

    看到两次绘制的时间间隔相差616.6666毫秒,跳过了36帧,这个卡顿用户是能够明显感知的

    参考链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/d126640eccb1

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