Django+Xadmin打造在线教育系统(五)

课程相关功能实现

课程列表

创建课程相关的urls.py

path("course/", include('course.urls', namespace="course")),

course里面新建urls.py

from django.urls import path

from course.views import CourseListView

app_name = "courses"
urlpatterns = [
    # 课程列表url
    path('list/', CourseListView.as_view(), name="list"),

]

视图函数

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View

class CourseListView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "course-list.html")

course-list.html继承base.html
修改title，修改bread里面，content里面放course-list独有的
去后台添加一些课程
修改视图函数

class CourseListView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        all_course = Course.objects.all()
        return render(request, "course-list.html", {
            "all_course": all_course,

        })

course-list.html文件

    {% for course in all_course %}
        <div class="box">
            <a href="course-detail.html">
                <img width="280" height="350" class="scrollLoading" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ course.image }}"/>
            </a>
            <div class="des">
                <a href="course-detail.html">
                    <h2>{{ course.name }}</h2>
                </a>
                <span class="fl">时长：<i class="key">{{ course.learn_times }}</i></span>
                <span class="fr">学习人数：{{ course.students }}&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>
            </div>
            <div class="bottom">
                <a href="course-detail.html"><span class="fl">来自{{ course.course_org.name }}</span></a>
                <span class="star fr  notlogin
                    " data-favid="15">
                    {{ course.fav_nums }}
                </span>
            </div>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}

分页功能

class CourseListView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        all_course = Course.objects.all()
        # 对课程进行分页
        # 尝试获取前台get请求传递过来的page参数
        # 如果是不合法的配置参数默认返回第一页
        try:
            page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
        except PageNotAnInteger:
            page = 1
        # 这里指从allorg中取五个出来，每页显示5个
        p = Paginator(all_course,6 , request=request)
        courses = p.page(page)
        return render(request, "course-list.html", {
            "all_course":courses,

        })

在html中使用时注意object_list,此时的all_course已经不是一个queryset，而是一个purepage对象
页码的替换参考之前的分页,拿来用即可

排序功能

class CourseListView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        all_course = Course.objects.all()

        # 进行排序
        sort = request.GET.get('sort', "")
        if sort:
            if sort == "students":
                all_course = all_course.order_by("-students")
            elif sort == "hot":
                all_course = all_course.order_by("-click_nums")

        # 热门课程推荐
        hot_courses = Course.objects.all().order_by("-students")[:3]


        # 对课程进行分页
        # 尝试获取前台get请求传递过来的page参数
        # 如果是不合法的配置参数默认返回第一页
        try:
            page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
        except PageNotAnInteger:
            page = 1
        # 这里指从allorg中取五个出来，每页显示5个
        p = Paginator(all_course,6 , request=request)
        courses = p.page(page)
        return render(request, "course-list.html", {
            "all_course":courses,
            "sort": sort,
            "hot_courses": hot_courses
        })

    <div class="head">
        <ul class="tab_header">
            <li class="{% ifequal sort '' %}active{% endifequal %}"><a href="?sort=" >最新 </a></li>
            <li class="{% ifequal sort 'hot' %}active{% endifequal %}"><a href="?sort=hot" >最热门 </a></li>
            <li class="{% ifequal sort 'students' %}active{% endifequal %}"><a href="?sort=students" >参与人数 </a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="head">热门课程推荐</div>
        <div class="group_recommend">
            {% for hot_course in hot_courses %}
            <dl>
                <dt>
                    <a target="_blank" href="">
                        <img width="240" height="220" class="scrollLoading" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ hot_course.image }}"/>
                    </a>
                </dt>
                <dd>
                    <a target="_blank" href=""><h2> {{ hot_course.name }}</h2></a>
                    <span class="fl">难度：<i class="key">{{ hot_course.get_degree_display }}</i></span>
                </dd>
            </dl>
            {% endfor %}

课程详情

模板替换,
路由配置

# 课程详情页
re_path('course/(?P<course_id>\d+)/', CourseDetailView.as_view(), name="course_detail"),

class CourseDetailView(View):
    '''课程详情'''
    def get(self, request, course_id):
        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
        # 课程的点击数加1
        course.click_nums += 1
        course.save()
        return  render(request, "course-detail.html", {
            'course':course,

        })

课程的章节数如何实现？

models.py中自定义方法

    def get_zj_nums(self):
        # 获取课程章节数的方法
        return self.lesson_set.all().count()

    # 获取学习这门课程的用户
    def get_learn_users(self):
        # 谁的里面添加了它做外键，他都可以取出来
        return self.usercourse_set.all()[:5]

添加课程类别字段

    category = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="课程类别")

修改course-detail.html内容

    <div class="picbox">
        <div class="tb-booth tb-pic">
            <img width="440" height="445" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ course.image }}" class="jqzoom" />
        </div>

    </div>
    <div class="des">
        <h1 title="{{ course.name }}">{{ course.name }}</h1>
        <span class="key">{{ course.desc }}</span>
        <div class="prize">
            <span class="fl">难度：<i class="key">{{ course.get_degree_display }}</i></span>
            <span class="fr">学习人数：{{ course.students }}</span>
        </div>
        <ul class="parameter">
            <li><span class="pram word3">时&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;长：</span><span>{{ course.learn_times }}</span></li>
            <li><span class="pram word3">章&nbsp;节&nbsp;数：</span><span>{{ course.get_zj_nums }}</span></li>
            <li><span class="pram word3">课程类别：</span><span title="">{{ course.category }}</span></li>
            <li class="piclist"><span class="pram word4">学习用户：</span>
                {% for user_course in course.get_learn_users %}
                    <span class="pic"><img width="40" height="40" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ user_course.user.image }}"/></span>
                {% endfor %}
            </li>
        </ul>
    <div class="btns">

    <div class="head">
        <ul class="tab_header">
            <li class="active">课程详情</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="tab_cont tab_cont1">
        {{ course.detail }}
    </div>

授课机构

CourseOrg model添加一个获取教师数的方法

    def get_teacher_nums(self):
        #获取机构的教师数
        return self.teacher_set.all().count()

授课机构显示

    <div class="head">
        <h1>授课机构</h1>
        <p>世界名校，课程权威</p>
    </div>
    <div class="pic">
        <a href="/company/14/">
            <img width="150" height="80" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ course.course_org.image }}"/>
        </a>
    </div>
    <a href="/company/14/">
        <h2 class="center" title="清华大学">{{ course.course_org.name }}</h2>
    </a>
    <div class="btn  notlogin
         "data-favid="14" id="jsRightBtn">
         已收藏
    </div>
    <div class="clear">
        <ul>
            <li>
                <span>课 &nbsp;程&nbsp; 数：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   {{ course.course_org.course_nums }}</span>
            </li>
            <li>
                <span>教 &nbsp;师&nbsp; 数：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  {{ course.course_org.get_teacher_nums }}</span>
            </li>
            <li>所在地区：&nbsp;&nbsp;{{ course.course_org.address }}</li>
            <li>认&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;证&nbsp;:
                &nbsp;&nbsp;
                    <img title="金牌机构", src="{% static 'images/gold.png' %}"/>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div>

相关课程推荐

定义课程的tag ，如果tag相同，那么是相关课程。

courses/models.py:

tag = models.CharField(max_length=15, verbose_name="课程标签", default="")

class CourseDetailView(View):
    '''课程详情'''
    def get(self, request, course_id):
        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
        # 课程的点击数加1
        course.click_nums += 1
        course.save()
        # 课程标签
        # 通过当前标签，查找数据库中的课程
        tag = course.tag
        if tag:
            # 需要从1开始不然会推荐自己
            relate_courses = Course.objects.filter(tag=tag)[:3]
        else:
            relate_courses = []
        return  render(request, "course-detail.html", {
            'course':course,
            'relate_courses':relate_courses,
        })

前端

    <div class="right layout">
        <div class="head">相关课程推荐</div>
        <div class="group_recommend">
            {% for relate_course in relate_courses %}
            <dl>
                <dt>
                    <a target="_blank" href="">
                        <img width="240" height="220" class="scrollLoading" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ relate_course.image }}"/>
                    </a>
                </dt>
                <dd>
                    <a target="_blank" href=""><h2> {{ relate_course.name }}</h2></a>
                    <span class="fl">学习时长：<i class="key">{{ relate_course.learn_times }}</i></span>
                </dd>
            </dl>
            {% endfor %}
        </div>
    </div>

收藏功能

ajax

    <script type="text/javascript">
    //收藏分享
    function add_fav(current_elem, fav_id, fav_type){
        $.ajax({
            cache: false,
            type: "POST",
            url:"{% url "org:add_fav" %}",
            data:{'fav_id':fav_id, 'fav_type':fav_type},
            async: true,
            beforeSend:function(xhr, settings){
                xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", "{{ csrf_token }}");
            },
            success: function(data) {
                if(data.status == 'fail'){
                    if(data.msg == '用户未登录'){
                        window.location.href="/login/";
                    }else{
                        alert(data.msg)
                    }

                }else if(data.status == 'success'){
                    current_elem.text(data.msg)
                }
            },
        });
    }

    $('#jsLeftBtn').on('click', function(){
        add_fav($(this), {{ course.id }}, 1);
    });

    $('#jsRightBtn').on('click', function(){
        add_fav($(this), {{ course.course_org.id }}, 2);
    });


    </script>

class CourseDetailView(View):
    '''课程详情'''
    def get(self, request, course_id):
        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
        # 课程的点击数加1
        course.click_nums += 1
        course.save()
        # 课程标签
        # 通过当前标签，查找数据库中的课程
        has_fav_course = False
        has_fav_org = False

        # 必须是用户已登录我们才需要判断。
        if request.user.is_authenticated:
            if UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_id=course.id, fav_type=1):
                has_fav_course = True
            if UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_id=course.course_org.id, fav_type=2):
                has_fav_org = True
        tag = course.tag
        if tag:
            # 需要从1开始不然会推荐自己
            relate_courses = Course.objects.filter(tag=tag)[:2]
        else:
            relate_courses = []
        return  render(request, "course-detail.html", {
            'course':course,
            'relate_courses':relate_courses,
            "has_fav_course": has_fav_course,
            "has_fav_org": has_fav_org,
        })

修改前端代码

    {% if has_fav_org %}
        已收藏
    {% else %}
        收藏
    {% endif %}

课程章节信息

章节信息，评论信息
模板替换

# 课程章节信息页
    re_path('info/(?P<course_id>\d+)/', CourseInfoView.as_view(), name="course_info"),

class CourseInfoView(View):
    '''课程章节信息'''
    def get(self, request, course_id):
        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
        return render(request, "course-video.html", {
            "course": course,
        })

修改开始学习链接

    <div class="buy btn"><a style="color: white" href="{% url 'course:course_info' course.id %}">开始学习</a></div>

章节视频信息

为video表添加视频对应的url信息

url = models.CharField(max_length=200, default="" ,verbose_name="访问地址")

给Vedio添加一个学习时长的字段

# 使用分钟做后台记录(存储最小单位)前台转换
   learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="学习时长(分钟数)")

给Course添加一个获取章节的方法

    def get_course_lesson(self):
        #获取课程的章节
        return self.lesson_set.all()

给Lesson添加一个获取所有视频的方法

    def get_lesson_vedio(self):
        #获取章节所有视频
        return self.video_set.all()

后台添加视频信息
前端页面展示

    <div class="mod-chapters">
        {% for lesson in course.get_course_lesson %}
        <div class="chapter chapter-active" >
            <h3>
                <strong><i class="state-expand"></i>{{ lesson.name }}</strong>
            </h3>
            <ul class="video">
                {% for vedio in lesson.get_lesson_vedio %}
                <li>
                    <a target="_blank" href='{{ vedio.url }}' class="J-media-item studyvideo">{{ vedio.name }} ({{ vedio.learn_times }})
                        <i class="study-state"></i>
                    </a>
                </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        </div>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

资料下载

后台自行上传点文件

class CourseInfoView(View):
    def get(self,request,course_id):
        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
        all_resources = CourseResource.objects.filter(course=course)
        return render(request,'course-video.html',{'course':course,'all_resources':all_resources})

    <div class="box mb40">
        <h4>资料下载</h4>
        <ul class="downlist">
            {% for course_resource in all_resources %}
            <li>
                <span ><i class="aui-iconfont aui-icon-file"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;{{ course_resource.name }}</span>
                <a href="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ course_resource.download }}" class="downcode" target="_blank" download="" data-id="274" title="">下载</a>
            </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    </div>

讲师提示

创建课程与讲师之间的关联,给Course添加一个Teacher外键

# Course
teacher = models.ForeignKey(Teacher,verbose_name='讲师',null=True,blank=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE)

给Course再添加两个字段 “课程须知”和“老师告诉你能学到什么”

    you_need_know = models.CharField(max_length=300, default="一颗勤学的心是本课程必要前提", verbose_name="课程须知")
    teacher_tell = models.CharField(max_length=300, default="按时交作业,不然叫家长", verbose_name="老师告诉你")

修改前端显示

    <div class="box mb40">
        <h4>讲师提示</h4>
        <div class="teacher-info">
            <a href="/u/315464/courses?sort=publish" target="_blank">
                <img src='{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ course.teacher.image }}' width='80' height='80' />
            </a>
            <span class="tit">
            <a href="/u/315464/courses?sort=publish" target="_blank">{{ course.teacher.name }}</a>
            </span>
            <span class="job">{{ course.teacher.work_position }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="course-info-tip">
            <dl class="first">
                <dt>课程须知</dt>
                <dd class="autowrap">{{ course.you_need_know }}</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>老师告诉你能学到什么？</dt>
                <dd class="autowrap">{{ course.teacher_tell }}</dd>
            </dl>
        </div>
    </div>

课程评论页面

修改模板
配置url

#课程评论
    re_path('comment/(?P<course_id>\d+)/', CommentsView.as_view(), name="course_comments"),

class CommentsView(View):
    def get(self, request, course_id):
        # 此处的id为表默认为我们添加的值。
        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
        all_resources = CourseResource.objects.filter(course=course)
        return render(request, "course-comment.html", {
            "course": course,
            "all_resources": all_resources,
        })    

在course-vedio.html中修改 “章节”和“评论”的链接

    <div class="mod-tab-menu">
        <ul class="course-menu clearfix">
            <li><a class="ui-tabs-active active" id="learnOn"  href="{% url 'course:course_info' course.id %}"><span>章节</span></a></li>
            <li><a id="commentOn" class="" href="{% url 'course:course_comments' course.id %}"><span>评论</span></a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

发表评论功能
Ajax操作。如果发布成功就会刷新页面

# ajax方式添加评论
class AddCommentsView(View):
    def post(self, request):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated:
            # 未登录时返回json提示未登录，跳转到登录页面是在ajax中做的
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"fail", "msg":"用户未登录"}', content_type='application/json')
        course_id = request.POST.get("course_id", 0)
        comments = request.POST.get("comments", "")
        if int(course_id) > 0 and comments:
            course_comments = CourseComments()
            # get只能取出一条数据，如果有多条抛出异常。没有数据也抛异常
            # filter取一个列表出来，queryset。没有数据返回空的queryset不会抛异常
            course = Course.objects.get(id = int(course_id))
            # 外键存入要存入对象
            course_comments.course = course
            course_comments.comments = comments
            course_comments.user = request.user
            course_comments.save()
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"success", "msg":"评论成功"}', content_type='application/json')
        else:
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"fail", "msg":"评论失败"}', content_type='application/json')

# 添加课程评论,已经把参数放到post当中了
path('add_comment/', AddCommentsView.as_view(), name="add_comment"),

Ajax

    <script type="text/javascript">
        //添加评论
        $('#js-pl-submit').on('click', function(){
            var comments = $("#js-pl-textarea").val()
            if(comments == ""){
                alert("评论不能为空")
                return
            }
            $.ajax({
                cache: false,
                type: "POST",
                url:"{% url 'course:add_comment' %}",
                data:{'course_id':{{ course.id }}, 'comments':comments},
                async: true,
                beforeSend:function(xhr, settings){
                    xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", "{{ csrf_token }}");
                },
                success: function(data) {
                    if(data.status == 'fail'){
                        if(data.msg == '用户未登录'){
                            window.location.href="/login/";
                        }else{
                            alert(data.msg)
                        }

                    }else if(data.status == 'success'){
                        window.location.reload();//刷新当前页面.
                    }
                },
            });
        });

    </script>

相关课程推荐

CourseInfoView添加

        # 选出学了这门课的学生关系
        user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(course= course)
        # 从关系中取出user_id
        user_ids = [user_course.user_id for user_course in user_courses]
        # 这些用户学了的课程,外键会自动有id，取到字段
        all_user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(user_id__in=user_ids)
        # 取出所有课程id
        course_ids = [all_user_course.course_id for all_user_course in all_user_courses]
        # 获取学过该课程用户学过的其他课程
        relate_courses = Course.objects.filter(id__in=course_ids).order_by("-click_nums")[:5]

        return render(request, "course-video.html", {
            "course": course,
            "all_resources": all_resources,
            "relate_courses":relate_courses,
        })

修改前端代码

    <div class="cp-other-learned  js-comp-tabs">
        <div class="cp-header clearfix">
            <h2 class="cp-tit l">该课的同学还学过</h2>
        </div>
        <div class="cp-body">
            <div class="cp-tab-pannel js-comp-tab-pannel" data-pannel="course" style="display: block">
                <!-- img 200 x 112 -->
                <ul class="other-list">
                    {% for relate_course in relate_courses %}
                    <li class="curr">
                        <a href="{% url 'course:course_detail' relate_course.id %}" target="_blank">
                            <img src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ relate_course.image }}" alt="{{ relate_course.name }}">
                            <span class="name autowrap">{{ relate_course.name }}</span>
                        </a>
                    </li>
                    {% endfor %}

                </ul>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>

把课程与用户关联起来

当用户点了“开始学习”之后，应该把这门课程与用户关联起来，在这之前应该需要做个判断，如果没有登录，则让用户先登录才可以。
如果是用函数方式写的话直接加个装饰器（@login_required）就可以，但是我们是用类的方式写的，必须用继承的方式

在utils目录下创建文件 mixin_utils.py（最基本的类都放在mixin_utils.py里面），代码如下：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

class LoginRequiredMixin(object):
    @method_decorator(login_required(login_url='/login/'))   
    def dispatch(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return super(LoginRequiredMixin, self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)

然后让CourseInfoView和CommentsView都继承LoginRequiredMixin
继承后，没有登录的用户点“开始学习”，自动跳到login界面
把用户与课程关联起来

 # CourseInfoView
        # 查询用户是否已经学习了该课程
        user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(user=request.user,course=course)
        if not user_courses:
            # 如果没有学习该门课程就关联起来
            user_course = UserCourse(user=request.user,course=course)
            user_course.save()

视频播放页面

把course-paly.html拷贝到templates目录下
使用开源库video js,这里使用CDN

<link href="https://vjs.zencdn.net/7.1.0/video-js.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://vjs.zencdn.net/7.1.0/video.js"></script>

# 课程视频播放页
    path('video/(?P<video_id>\d+)/', VideoPlayView.as_view(), name="video_play"),

    <li>
        <a target="_blank" href='{% url 'course:video_play' vedio.id %}' class="J-media-item studyvideo">{{ vedio.name }} ({{ vedio.learn_times }})
            <i class="study-state"></i>
        </a>
    </li>

class VideoPlayView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    '''课程章节视频播放页面'''
    def get(self,request,video_id):
        video = Video.objects.get(id=int(video_id))
        #通过外键找到章节再找到视频对应的课程
        course = video.lesson.course

        course.students += 1
        course.save()

        # 查询用户是否已经学习了该课程
        user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(user=request.user,course=course)
        if not user_courses:
            # 如果没有学习该门课程就关联起来
            user_course = UserCourse(user=request.user,course=course)
            user_course.save()

        #相关课程推荐
        # 找到学习这门课的所有用户
        user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
        # 找到学习这门课的所有用户的id
        user_ids = [user_course.user_id for user_course in user_courses]
        # 通过所有用户的id,找到所有用户学习过的所有过程
        all_user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(user_id__in=user_ids)
        # 取出所有课程id
        course_ids = [all_user_course.course_id for all_user_course in all_user_courses]
        # 通过所有课程的id,找到所有的课程，按点击量去五个
        relate_courses = Course.objects.filter(id__in=course_ids).order_by("-click_nums")[:5]

        # 资源
        all_resources = CourseResource.objects.filter(course=course)
        return render(request,'course-play.html',{
            'course':course,
            'all_resources':all_resources,
            'relate_courses':relate_courses,
            'video':video,
        })