UIPickerView
UIPickerView 是使用旋转轮或类似老虎机来显示一组或多组值的视图。
时钟 应用中设置时间就是通过 UIPickerView 来实现的。
系统时钟
彩云天气-设置语言
UIPickerView.h 的源码见附录。
使用
单列选择器
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController () <UIPickerViewDataSource, UIPickerViewDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIPickerView *pickerView; // 选择器视图
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *dataSourceArray; // 数据源数组
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - Lifecycle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 设置选择器数据源
self.dataSourceArray = @[@"iMac",@"iPad",@"iPhone",@"iWatch",@"iPod"];
// 添加选择器视图
[self.view addSubview:self.pickerView];
}
#pragma mark - Custom Accessors
- (UIPickerView *)pickerView {
if (!_pickerView) {
CGRect frame = CGRectMake(50, 100, 275, 300);
_pickerView = [[UIPickerView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
_pickerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor flatWhiteColor];
_pickerView.dataSource = self;
_pickerView.delegate = self;
}
return _pickerView;
}
#pragma mark - UIPickerViewDataSource
// 返回需要展示的列（columns）的数目
- (NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView {
return 1;
}
// 返回每一列的行（rows）数
- (NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component {
return self.dataSourceArray.count;
}
#pragma mark - UIPickerViewDelegate
// 返回每一行的标题
- (NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component {
return self.dataSourceArray[row];
}
// 某一行被选择时调用
- (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView didSelectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component {
NSString *item = self.dataSourceArray[row];
NSLog(@"第 %lu 项的 %@ 被选择了！",row,item);
}
显示效果
初始化选中中间项
// 初始化选中中间一项
[self.pickerView selectRow:2 inComponent:0 animated:NO];
这个方法可以让选择器初始化时选中指定项，这样它就会居中显示
效果如下：
多列选择器
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController () <UIPickerViewDataSource, UIPickerViewDelegate>
// 选择器视图
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIPickerView *pickerView;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column1Array;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column2Array;
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - Lifecycle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 设置选择器数据源
self.column1Array = @[@"iMac",@"iPad",@"iPhone",@"iWatch",@"iPod"];
self.column2Array = @[@"MacBook",@"MacBook Air",@"MacBook Pro",@"iMac",@"iMac Pro",@"Mac Pro",@"Mac mini"];
// 添加选择器视图
[self.view addSubview:self.pickerView];
}
#pragma mark - Custom Accessors
- (UIPickerView *)pickerView {
if (!_pickerView) {
CGRect frame = CGRectMake(50, 100, 275, 300);
_pickerView = [[UIPickerView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
_pickerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor flatWhiteColor];
_pickerView.dataSource = self;
_pickerView.delegate = self;
}
return _pickerView;
}
#pragma mark - UIPickerViewDataSource
// 返回需要展示的列（columns）的数目
- (NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView {
// 设置返回两列
return 2;
}
// 返回每一列的行（rows）数
- (NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component {
switch (component) {
case 0:
// 第一列返回的行数
return self.column1Array.count;
break;
case 1:
// 第二列返回的行数
return self.column2Array.count;
break;
default:
return 0;
break;
}
}
#pragma mark - UIPickerViewDelegate
// 设置组件的宽度
- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView widthForComponent:(NSInteger)component {
if (component == 0) {
return 90;
}else {
return 210;
}
}
// 设置每行的高度
//- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView rowHeightForComponent:(NSInteger)component {
//
//}
// 返回每一行的标题
- (NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component {
switch (component) {
case 0:
// 第一列的标题
return self.column1Array[row];
break;
case 1:
// 第二列的标题
return self.column2Array[row];
default:
return nil;
break;
}
}
// 某一行被选择时调用
- (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView didSelectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component {
NSString *column1;
NSString *column2;
// 只会进入一个 case 分支, 不会两个分支同时执行
switch (component) {
case 0: {
column1 = self.column1Array[row];
break;
}
case 1: {
column2 = self.column2Array[row];
break;
}
default:
break;
}
NSLog(@"%@ - %@",column1,column2);
}
@end
显示效果
相互依赖的多列选择器
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController () <UIPickerViewDataSource, UIPickerViewDelegate>
// 选择器视图
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIPickerView *pickerView;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column0Array; // 第一列
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column01Array; //与第一列相关联的第二列
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column1Array;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column2Array;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column3Array;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column4Array;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray *column5Array;
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - Lifecycle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 设置选择器数据源
self.column0Array = @[@"Mac",@"iPad",@"iPhone",@"Watch",@"TV"];
self.column1Array = @[@"MacBook",@"MacBook Air",@"MacBook Pro",@"iMac",@"iMac Pro",@"Mac Pro",@"Mac mini"];
self.column2Array = @[@"iPad Pro",@"iPad",@"iPad mini 4"];
self.column3Array = @[@"iPhone 7",@"iPhone 6s",@"iPhone SE"];
self.column4Array = @[@"Apple Watch Serries 2",@"Apple Watch Nike+",@"Apple Watch Herms",@"Apple Watch Edition",@"Apple Watch Serries 1"];
self.column5Array = @[@"Apple TV"];
// 初始化第二列
self.column01Array = self.column1Array;
// 添加选择器视图
[self.view addSubview:self.pickerView];
}
#pragma mark - Custom Accessors
- (UIPickerView *)pickerView {
if (!_pickerView) {
CGRect frame = CGRectMake(50, 100, 300, 300);
_pickerView = [[UIPickerView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
_pickerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor flatWhiteColor];
_pickerView.dataSource = self;
_pickerView.delegate = self;
}
return _pickerView;
}
#pragma mark - UIPickerViewDataSource
// 返回需要展示的列（columns）的数目
- (NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView {
// 设置返回两列
return 2;
}
// 返回每一列的行（rows）数
- (NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component {
switch (component) {
case 0:
// 第一列返回的行数
return self.column0Array.count;
break;
case 1:
// 第二列返回的行数
return self.column01Array.count;
break;
default:
return 0;
break;
}
}
#pragma mark - UIPickerViewDelegate
// 设置组件的宽度
- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView widthForComponent:(NSInteger)component {
if (component == 0) {
return 90;
}else {
return 210;
}
}
// 返回每一行的标题
- (NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component {
switch (component) {
case 0:
// 第一列的标题
return self.column0Array[row];
break;
case 1:
// 第二列的标题
return self.column01Array[row];
default:
return nil;
break;
}
}
// 某一行被选择时调用
- (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView didSelectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component {
if (component == 0) {
// 根据选择的左边列，修改右边列数组
if (row == 0) {
self.column01Array = self.column1Array;
}else if (row == 1) {
self.column01Array = self.column2Array;
}else if (row == 2) {
self.column01Array = self.column3Array;
}else if (row == 3) {
self.column01Array = self.column4Array;
}else {
self.column01Array = self.column5Array;
}
// 刷新右边列数据
[pickerView reloadComponent:1];
}
}
@end
显示效果
自定义视图
// 返回自定义视图
- (UIView *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView viewForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component reusingView:(nullable UIView *)view {
if (view == nil) {
view = [[UIView alloc] init];
}
view.backgroundColor = [UIColor randomFlatColor];
return view;
}
该方法可以返回任意 UIView 或其子类对象，比如 UILabel。
显示效果
附录1、UIPickerView 源码
//
// UIPickerView.h
// UIKit
//
// Copyright (c) 2006-2015 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h>
#import <UIKit/UIView.h>
#import <UIKit/UIKitDefines.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@protocol UIPickerViewDataSource, UIPickerViewDelegate;
// **********************📌 UIPickerView 头文件******************************
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED @interface UIPickerView : UIView <NSCoding>
@property(nullable,nonatomic,weak) id<UIPickerViewDataSource> dataSource; // 数据源协议，默认为 nil. 弱引用
@property(nullable,nonatomic,weak) id<UIPickerViewDelegate> delegate; // 委托协议，默认为 nil. 弱引用
/**
* 该属性控制是否显示UIPickerView中的选中标记（以高亮背景作为选中标记）
*
* 在iOS 7及更高版本上，你无法自定义 UIPickerView 选择指示器。
* 选择指示器将始终显示，因此将此属性设置为NO无效。
**/
@property(nonatomic) BOOL showsSelectionIndicator; // 默认为 NO
// 从数据源和委托中获取和缓存的信息
@property(nonatomic,readonly) NSInteger numberOfComponents; // 组件数目
- (NSInteger)numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component; // 指定组件中的 Item 项数目
- (CGSize)rowSizeForComponent:(NSInteger)component; // 指定组件中 Item 项的尺寸
// 返回通过实现委托协议 pickerView:viewForRow:forComponent:reusingView: 得到的视图
// 如果 row/组件不可见或者没有实现 pickerView:viewForRow:forComponent:reusingView: 委托协议就返回 nil
- (nullable UIView *)viewForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component;
// 重新加载整个视图或单个组件
- (void)reloadAllComponents;
- (void)reloadComponent:(NSInteger)component;
// 选择项。 在这种情况下，意味着在中间显示适当的行
- (void)selectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component animated:(BOOL)animated; // 将指定的行滚动到中心位置。
- (NSInteger)selectedRowInComponent:(NSInteger)component; // 返回所选行。 如果没有选择就返回-1
@end
// **********************📌 UIPickerView 数据源协议******************************
__TVOS_PROHIBITED
@protocol UIPickerViewDataSource<NSObject>
@required // 必须实现
// 返回显示的“列”数。
- (NSInteger)numberOfComponentsInPickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView;
// 返回每个组件中的行数
- (NSInteger)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView numberOfRowsInComponent:(NSInteger)component;
@end
// **********************📌 UIPickerView 委托协议******************************
__TVOS_PROHIBITED
@protocol UIPickerViewDelegate<NSObject>
@optional
// 返回每个组件的列的宽度和行的高度。
- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView widthForComponent:(NSInteger)component __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
// 关于高度值
- (CGFloat)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView rowHeightForComponent:(NSInteger)component __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
// 这些方法返回一个简单的 NSString 字符串，NSAttributedString 字符串或一个视图（如UILabel）来显示组件的行。
// 对于视图版本，我们缓存任何隐藏的，未被使用的视图，并将它们传回以供重用。
// 如果您返回一个不同的对象，旧的将被释放。 视图将以行的 rect 为中心
// The methods in this group are marked @optional. However, to use a picker view, you must implement either the pickerView:titleForRow:forComponent: or the pickerView:viewForRow:forComponent:reusingView: method to provide the content of component rows. 下面两个协议两个必须实现其中一个以显示组件内容
- (nullable NSString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView titleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
- (nullable NSAttributedString *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView attributedTitleForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; // 如果两种方法都实现，attributed title 优先被选择
- (UIView *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView viewForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component reusingView:(nullable UIView *)view __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
// 当用户选择组件中的某一行时，将会被调用。
- (void)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView didSelectRow:(NSInteger)row inComponent:(NSInteger)component __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
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