在Android kernel层完成定制之后,需要写app实现对摄像头的控制,主要通过jni代码实现。
在jni代码中主要定义这几个函数:
jintArrayJava_com_chuck_android_uvccamera_MainActivity1_startControlCamera(JNIEnv*env,jobject thiz , jint controlId ,jint value)
实现控制的主函数:
//实现获取当前控制参数的值
jintJava_com_chuck_android_uvccamera_MainActivity1_getCurrentControlValue
//判断当前摄像头是否支持PTZ控制。
jbooleanJava_com_chuck_android_uvccamera_UVCCameraPreview_isSupportPtz
现在逐个函数说明,startControlCamera函数如下:
//返回控制是否成功
void Java_com_chuck_android_uvccamera_MainActivity_startControlCamera(JNIEnv* env,jobject thiz , jint controlId ,jint value){
switch (controlId) {
case V4L2_CID_PAN_RELATIVE:
//控制左右转动
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "控制左右的值是 = %d" , value);
// controlId = V4L2_CID_PAN_ABSOLUTE;
controlId = V4L2_CID_PAN_RELATIVE;
// controlId = PAN_SPEED_ID;
// controlType = "V4L2_CID_PAN_ABSOLUTE ";
break;
case V4L2_CID_TILT_RELATIVE:
//控制上下转动
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "控制上下的值是 = %d" , value);
// controlId = V4L2_CID_TILT_ABSOLUTE;
controlId = V4L2_CID_TILT_RELATIVE;
// controlId = TILT_SPEED_ID;
// controlType = "V4L2_CID_TILT_ABSOLUTE ";
break;
case ZOOM_RELATIVE_ID:
//控制聚焦
controlId = ZOOM_RELATIVE_ID;
break;
case PAN_SPEED_ID:
controlId = PAN_SPEED_ID;
break;
case TILT_SPEED_ID:
controlId = TILT_SPEED_ID;
break;
default:
break;
}
int result = startControlPanTilt(controlId , value);
if(result != 0){
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "控制失败");
}
}
这里的controlId就是我们在kernel添加的id,value就是每个控制id对应的值,值要按照UVC协议规定的传递。
接下来看看startControlPanTilt函数:
int startControlPanTilt(int controlId , int value){
//getControlValue(controlId);
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "start controlId = %d , value = %d" , controlId , value);
//jint setBefore;
if(fd < 0){
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "device open fail");
return -1;
}
struct v4l2_control ctrl;
CLEAR(ctrl);
ctrl.id = controlId;
ctrl.value = value;
int result = ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &ctrl);
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "result = %d , controlId = %d , controlValue = %d" , result , ctrl.id , ctrl.value);
if (result == -1){
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS failed while tilting down , reason = %s" , strerror (errno));
return -1;
}else{
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS success while tilting down , after value = %d" , ctrl.value);
}
return 0;
}
可以看到控制的核心函数是linux的ioctl,传入的参数是v4l2_control
,这个结构体里面有什么东西呢,可以看看其定义(https://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/legacy/video4linux/API/V4L2_API/spec-single/v4l2.html#v4l2-control):
结构体里面就id和value,按照UVC协议赋值,其他的交给ioctrl就可以了。此时ioctrl到了底层到了哪里呢?其实到了drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_v4l2.c文件中的
uvc_v4l2_do_ioctl
方法,在这个方法中需要关注的是以下几行代码:
case VIDIOC_S_CTRL:
{
struct v4l2_control *ctrl = arg;
struct v4l2_ext_control xctrl;
memset(&xctrl, 0, sizeof xctrl);
xctrl.id = ctrl->id;
xctrl.value = ctrl->value;
uvc_ctrl_begin(video);
ret = uvc_ctrl_set(video, &xctrl);
if (ret < 0) {
uvc_ctrl_rollback(video);
return ret;
}
ret = uvc_ctrl_commit(video);
break;
}
v4l2_prio_check
应该是检查是否有执行的优先级,没有执行的优先级的话返回当前繁忙设备,如下:
int v4l2_prio_check(struct v4l2_prio_state*global, enum v4l2_priority local)
{
return(local < v4l2_prio_max(global)) ? -EBUSY : 0;
}
接下来的执行顺序与数据库的插入操作比较类似,开始执行控制,设置相关参数,检查控制结果,失败的话回滚操作,否则提交执行,同时记住当前的设定值。
第二个需要关注的是实现获取当前控制参数,getControlValue,有两种写法,一种是不用循环,一种是循环遍历UVC控制参数,查看设备当前控制参数的值,如下:
int getControlValues(int controlId){
//an array of v4l2_ext_control
struct v4l2_ext_control clist[1];
struct v4l2_ext_controls ctrls;
CLEAR(clist);
CLEAR(ctrls);
clist[0].id = controlId;
clist[0].value = 0;
//v4l2_ext_controls with list of v4l2_ext_control
ctrls.ctrl_class = V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CAMERA;
ctrls.count = 1;
ctrls.controls = clist;
//read back the value
if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS, &ctrls))
{
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,TAG,"get current value failed fd = %d,reason=%s" , fd,strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,TAG,"get before value success , %d" , clist[0].value);
return clist[0].value;
}
int getControlValue(int controlId){
//an array of v4l2_ext_control
struct v4l2_control ctrl;
CLEAR(ctrl);
ctrl.id = controlId;
ctrl.value = 0;
//read back the value
if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, &ctrl))
{
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,TAG,"get current value failed fd = %d,reason=%s" , fd,strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,TAG,"get before value success , %d" , ctrl.value);
return ctrl.value;
}
这里获取控制id当前的值也是在drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_v4l2.c的uvc_v4l2_do_ioctl方法中,其中使用的获取参数是VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS
,其实查询单个控制参数的值用VIDIOC_G_CTRL
也可以,只不过VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS
是多个控制参数一起查找,在底层源码里面是循环遍历查找,而VIDIOC_G_CTRL
是直接查找,相关源码如下:
case VIDIOC_G_CTRL:
{
struct v4l2_control *ctrl = arg;
struct v4l2_ext_control xctrl;
memset(&xctrl, 0, sizeof xctrl);
xctrl.id = ctrl->id;
uvc_ctrl_begin(video);
ret = uvc_ctrl_get(video, &xctrl);
uvc_ctrl_rollback(video);
if (ret >= 0)
ctrl->value = xctrl.value;
break;
}
case VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS:
{
struct v4l2_ext_controls *ctrls = arg;
struct v4l2_ext_control *ctrl = ctrls->controls;
unsigned int i;
uvc_ctrl_begin(video);
for (i = 0; i < ctrls->count; ++ctrl, ++i) {
ret = uvc_ctrl_get(video, ctrl);
if (ret < 0) {
uvc_ctrl_rollback(video);
ctrls->error_idx = i;
return ret;
}
}
ctrls->error_idx = 0;
ret = uvc_ctrl_rollback(video);
break;
}
有关v4l2_ext_controls和v4l2_ext_control的控制参数见下图:
image
image
现在看看判断当前摄像头是否支持PTZ控制的函数,实际上是遍历摄像头的控制id,查看是否有PTZ相关的控制id,函数中定义的几个变量值定义如下:
const char* CONTROL_FLAG_PAN = "Pan(Absolute)";
const char* CONTROL_FLAG_TILT = "Tilt(Absolute)";
const char* CONTROL_FLAG_ZOOM = "Zoom,Absolute";
const int PAN_SPEED_ID = 10094880;
const int TILT_SPEED_ID = 10094881;
const int ZOOM_RELATIVE_ID = 10094863;
详细的函数如下:
jboolean queryControls(){
jint canControl = 0;
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "设备号 = %d" , fd);
struct v4l2_queryctrl qctrl;
qctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CAMERA | V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL;
int i = ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &qctrl);
LOGE("error %d, %s , %d",errno, strerror (errno) , i);
while (0 == i){
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "开始查找");
if (V4L2_CTRL_ID2CLASS(qctrl.id) != V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CAMERA)
continue;
if(strcmp(qctrl.name , CONTROL_FLAG_PAN) == 0 ){
++canControl;
panMin = qctrl.maximum;
panMax = qctrl.minimum;
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "panMin=%d , panMax=%d , panStep=%d" , panMin , panMax , qctrl.step);
}
if(strcmp(qctrl.name , CONTROL_FLAG_TILT) == 0){
++canControl;
tiltMin = qctrl.maximum;
tiltMax = qctrl.minimum;
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "tiltMin=%d , tiltMax=%d , tiltStep=%d" , tiltMin , tiltMax , qctrl.step);
}
if(strcmp(qctrl.name , CONTROL_FLAG_ZOOM) == 0){
++canControl;
zoomMin = qctrl.maximum;
zoomMax = qctrl.minimum;
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "zoomMin=%d , zoomMax=%d , zoomStep=%d" , zoomMin , zoomMax , qctrl.step);
}
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "找到的控制函数是%s" , qctrl.name);
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "继续查找");
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "id = %d" , qctrl.id);
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "Next_Ctrl = %x" , V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL);
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "Camera_Class = %x" , V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_CAMERA);
qctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL;
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "id+ = %x" , qctrl.id);
i = ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &qctrl);
if(i != 0){
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG,"uvcioc ctrl add error: errno=%d (reason=%s)\n", errno,strerror(errno));
}
}
//如果存在ptz控制的话,应该会有Pan,Tilt,Zoom字符串,变量自加三次
return canControl == 3;
}
这里可以看到这个函数里面详细输出了支持哪些控制参数,各个控制参数的最大值,最小值,步长等信息,这些查找最后在底层的调用是在drivers\media\usb\uvc\uvc_ctrl.c的__uvc_query_v4l2_ctrl函数中,具体的描述在前一篇文章中有详细的讲述。
上述代码编写完毕,写MK文件,如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := UVCCamera
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := UVCCamera_Rel.cpp
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog -ljnigraphics
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
app层的代码编写完毕,在AS中编译运行生成so文件,在app中就可以使用了。同时要注意的是,这个app的权限级别要比较高,不然可能没有权限执行ioctrl。
另外这个代码中还涉及到了打开/dev/video0文件的操作,如下:
int opendevice(int i) {
struct stat st;
sprintf(dev_name,"/dev/video%d",i);
if (-1 == stat (dev_name, &st)) {
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s", dev_name, errno, strerror (errno));
LOGE("Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s", dev_name, errno, strerror (errno));
return ERROR_LOCAL;
}
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "device is %s", dev_name);
if (!S_ISCHR (st.st_mode)) {
LOGE("%s is no device", dev_name);
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR , TAG , "%s is no device", dev_name);
return ERROR_LOCAL;
}
fd = open (dev_name, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
if (-1 == fd) {
LOGE("Cannot open '%s': %d, %s", dev_name, errno, strerror (errno));
return ERROR_LOCAL;
}else{
LOGE("open device success %d" , fd);
queryControls();
}
return SUCCESS_LOCAL;
}
至此,android UVC控制云台摄像头系列完成,在整个方案研发的过程中最大的阻碍是android kernel不支持相对控制,需要搜索相关资料自己去打patch,打了patch之后还要不断的调试试错;另外一个阻碍是摄像头厂商不同UVC版本的摄像头,让android适配的过程中吃尽苦头,如果碰上乐于合作的厂商问题就会很快解决。在这个技术实现的过程中深刻体会到有时候不逼自己一把,都不知道自己有多大的潜力。
在这个过程中涉及到了kernel层源码的解读,kernel源码的修改和调试,kernel层的编译和打包刷机,android jni代码等,整个过程还有boss每天一次的问候,查询进度。
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