redhat7.4 替换yum源

一次服务器部署系统为redhat7.4，因为redhat需要注册，故替换yum源。有阿里、网易两种方案。

以下操作均使用root。

删除redhat原有的yum源

> rpm -aq | grep yum|xargs rpm -e –nodeps

下载yum安装包

下载新的yum安装包,我这里redhat的版本是7，所以我使用contenos7的yum

网易

 wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm 
 wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 
 wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch.rpm 
 wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch.rpm 
 wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm

阿里（推荐）

 wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
 wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
 wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
 wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
 wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm

安装yum软件包

 rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm 
 rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch.rpm --force --nodeps

其中python也需要，安装会有依赖的问题，所以加上--force参数强制安装

更新yum库地址

网易的CentOS镜像源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget [http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo](http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo)

阿里CentOS镜像源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

修改以上文件将所有$releasever替换为7

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 【Centos-7.repo】 

执行：

:%s/$releaserver/7/g

使设置生效

yum clean all #清理yum缓存，使设置生效
yum makecache #将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地,以提高搜索安装软件的速度
yum install fcitx #测试yum是否可用

下面记录下yum的常用命令

查询命令

yum search keyword ->搜索
yum list(all|installed|recent|updates) ->列出全部，安装的，最近的，软件更新的rpm包
yum info packagename -> 显示指定软件的信息
yum whatprovides filename -> 查询哪个rpm软件包含目标文件

基本命令

yum install rpmpackagename -> 安装指定的rpm包
yum remove rpmpackagename ->卸载指定的rpm包
yum update rpmpackagename ->升级指定rpm包

附录

网易

# CentOS-Base.repo 
# 
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the 
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and 
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates 
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
# 
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
# 
#
 [base] 
 name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Base - 163.com 
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7.4.1708&arch=$basearch&repo=os
 gpgcheck=1
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 #released updates
 [updates] 
 name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Updates - 163.com 
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/updates/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7.4.1708&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
 gpgcheck=1 
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 
 #additional packages that may be useful 
 [extras] 
 name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Extras - 163.com 
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/extras/$basearch/ 
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7.4.1708&arch=$basearch&repo=extras 
 gpgcheck=1 
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 
 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages 
 [centosplus] 
 name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Plus - 163.com 
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/centosplus/$basearch/ 
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7.4.1708&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus 
 gpgcheck=1 
 enabled=0 
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 
 #contrib - packages by Centos Users 
 [contrib] 
 name=CentOS-7.4.1708 - Contrib - 163.com 
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/cr/$basearch/ 
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7.4.1708&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib 
 gpgcheck=1
 enabled=0
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

阿里

 # CentOS-Base.repo
 #
 # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
 # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
 # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates 
 # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
 #
 # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
 # remarked out baseurl= line instead. 
 [base]
 name=CentOS-7\. - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7./os/$basearch/
         [http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./os/$basearch/](http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./os/$basearch/)
         [http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./os/$basearch/](http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./os/$basearch/)
 gpgcheck=1
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 #released updates
 [updates]
 name=CentOS-7\. - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7./updates/$basearch/
         [http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./updates/$basearch/](http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./updates/$basearch/)
         [http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./updates/$basearch/](http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./updates/$basearch/)
 gpgcheck=1
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 #additional packages that may be useful
 [extras]
 name=CentOS-7\. - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority 
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7./extras/$basearch/ 
         [http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./extras/$basearch/](http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./extras/$basearch/) 
         [http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./extras/$basearch/](http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./extras/$basearch/) 
 gpgcheck=1 
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 
 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages 
 [centosplus]
 name=CentOS-7\. - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com 
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7./centosplus/$basearch/ 
         [http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./centosplus/$basearch/](http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./centosplus/$basearch/) 
        [http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./centosplus/$basearch/](http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./centosplus/$basearch/) 
 gpgcheck=1 
 enabled=0 
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 
 #contrib - packages by Centos Users 
 [contrib] 
 name=CentOS-7\. - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com 
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7./contrib/$basearch/ 
         [http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./contrib/$basearch/](http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./contrib/$basearch/) 
         [http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./contrib/$basearch/](http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7./contrib/$basearch/) 
 gpgcheck=1 
 enabled=0 
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

备注：个人博客同步至简书。