第三章学习绘图

3.1使用图形参数控制图形外观

dose<-c(20,30,40,45,60)

drugA<-c(16,20,27,40,60)

drugB<-c(15,18,25,31,40)

opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)

par(pin=c(2,3))

par(lwd=2,cex=1.5)

par(cex.axis=.75,

font.axis=3)

plot(dose,drugA,type="b",pch=19,lty=2,col="red")

plot(dose,drugA,type="b",pch=23,lty=6,col="blue",bg="green")

par(opar)

3.2自定义坐标轴

x<-c(1:10)

y<-x

z<-10/x

opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)

par(mar=c(5,4,4,8)+0.1)#添加边界

plot(x,y,type="b",pch=21,col="red",yaxt="n",lty=3,ann=FALSE)#绘制图形

lines(x,z,type="b",pch=22,col="blue",lty=2)#添加x对1|x的线

axis(2,at=x,labels=x,col.axis="red",las=2)#效果：添加了y轴刻度线

axis(4,at=z,labels=round(z,digits=2),col.axis="blue",las=2,cex.axis=0.7,tck=-.1)#添加了z的每个点的坐标

mtext("y=1/x",side=4,line=3,cex.lab=1,las=2,col="blue")#添加了zy=1/x的注释

title("AN Exampke of C reative Axes",xlab="x value",ylab="Y=X")

par(opar)

3.4.4图例

dose<-c(20,30,40,45,60)

drugA<-c(16,20,27,40,60)

drugB<-c(15,18,25,31,40)

opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)

par(lwd=2,cex=1.5,font.lab=2)

plot(dose,drugA,type="b",pch=15,lty=1,col="red",ylim=c(0,60),main="DrugA vs DrugB",xlab="Drug Dosage",ylab="Drug Response")

lines(dose,drugB,type="b",pch=17,lty=2,col="blue")

abline(h=c(30),lwd=1.5,lty=2,col="gray")

library(Hmisc)

minor.tick(nx=3,ny=3,tick.ratio=0.5)#添加次要刻度线

legend("topleft",inset=.05,title="Drug Type",c("A","B"),lty=c(1,2),pch=c(15,17),col=c("red","blue"))

par(opar)

3.4.5文本标注

install.packages("rJava")

library("rJava")

library("xlsxjars")

library("xlsx")

setwd("e:/r")

getwd()

attach(mtcars)

plot(wt,mpg,main="Mileage vs. Car Weight",xlab="weight",ylab="mmmm",pch=18,col="blue")

text(wt,mpg,row.names(mtcars),cex=0.6,pos=4,col="red")

opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)

par(cex=1.5)

plot(1:7,1:7,type="n")

text(3,3,"EEEEE")

text(4,4,family="mono","EEEE")

text(5,5,family="serif","EEEE")

par(opar)

3.5图形的组合-多图形布局的精密控制

opar<- par(no.readonly=TRUE)

#设置散点图

par(fig=c(0,0.8,0,0.8))#布局P66

attach(mtcars)

plot(mtcars$wt,mtcars$mpg,xlab="miles per gallon",ylab="car weight")

#在上方添加散点图

par(fig=c(0,0.8,0.55,1),new=TRUE)

boxplot(wt,horizontal=TRUE,axes=FALSE)

#在右侧添加散点图

par(fig=c(0.65,1,0,0.8),new=TRUE)

boxplot(mpg,axes=FALSE)

mtext("EEEEE",side=3,outer=TRUE,line=-3)

par(opar)