本文将带你从头到尾的来实现如何在k8s中部署一整套Prometheus监控系统，以及有哪些部署方式可以选择，让你轻松掌握。
1、Prometheus（普罗米修斯）部署方式
（1）手动部署
（2）Helm
- 类似于centos中的yum命令，是k8s中的包管理工具
- 一个包一个Chart（一个目录）
（3）Prometheus Operator
（4）Helm + Prometheus Operator
- 我们这里采用这种方式来部署
Prometheus监控
2、k8s的Helm安装
版本我们选择最新的功能版本：3.8.0
下载地址可以从我微信公众号（运维家）后台回复：helm，即可获取下载地址。
上传到指定目录进行如下操作；
# 解压
[root@node1 ~]# tar xf helm-v3.8.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 移动到bin目录下
[root@node1 ~]# mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm
# 环境变量根据个人情况进行配置如下
[root@node1 ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin/" >> /etc/profile
[root@node1 ~]# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.8.0", GitCommit:"d14138609b01886f544b2025f5000351c9eb092e", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.17.5"}
[root@node1 ~]# 3、安装Prometheus
由于helm默认会访问外网，有可能网速比较慢，那么我们采用直接把charts下载到本地的方式来安装；
（1）从github上下载整个charts
地址如下：
https://github.com/helm/charts登录之后复制git下载地址；
https://github.com/helm/charts.git之后在我们的master节点上，使用如下命令进行下载；
[root@node1 ~]# git clone https://github.com/helm/charts.git如果说上一步
git clone执行失败的话，可以从微信公众号（运维家）后台回复：charts，即可获取软件包，解压即可使用；unzip charts-master.zip
（2）安装Prometheus
查看charts中的prometheus；
[root@node1 ~]# ls charts-master/stable/prometheus-operator/
Chart.yaml ci CONTRIBUTING.md crds hack README.md requirements.lock requirements.yaml templates values.yaml
[root@node1 ~]# 安装；
# 复制程序包
[root@node1 ~]# cp -ra charts-master/stable/prometheus-operator .
# 创建存放依赖的目录
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir prometheus-operator/charts
# 复制依赖
[root@node1 ~]# cp -ra charts-master/stable/kube-state-metrics/ prometheus-operator/charts/
[root@node1 ~]# cp -ra charts-master/stable/prometheus-node-exporter/ prometheus-operator/charts/
[root@node1 ~]# cp -ra charts-master/stable/grafana/ prometheus-operator/charts/
# 安装，并命名为 monitor，这样子方便查找
[root@node1 ~]# helm install monitor ./prometheus-operator/出现如下信息就表示安装成功了；
NOTES:
*******************
*** DEPRECATED ****
*******************
* stable/prometheus-operator chart is deprecated.
* Further development has moved to https://github.com/prometheus-community/helm-charts
* The chart has been renamed kube-prometheus-stack to more clearly reflect
* that it installs the `kube-prometheus` project stack, within which Prometheus
* Operator is only one component.
The Prometheus Operator has been installed. Check its status by running:
kubectl --namespace default get pods -l "release=monitor"
Visit https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator for instructions on how
to create & configure Alertmanager and Prometheus instances using the Operator.
[root@node1 ~]#但是需要注意的是，安装成功只是表明相关配置做好了，我们还需要实际运行下上面的命令来检查下状态的；
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl --namespace default get pods -l "release=monitor"
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-9pdwj 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 3m48s
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-v9qhp 1/1 Running 0 3m48s
monitor-prometheus-operato-operator-79458977df-5jgkb 0/2 ContainerCreating 0 3m48s
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get all
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/alertmanager-monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager-0 0/2 ContainerCreating 0 47s
pod/monitor-grafana-775969b799-6tldl 0/2 PodInitializing 0 8m42s
pod/monitor-kube-state-metrics-574788cc57-r9gtf 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 8m42s
pod/monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-9pdwj 1/1 Running 0 8m42s
pod/monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-v9qhp 1/1 Running 0 8m42s
pod/monitor-prometheus-operato-operator-79458977df-5jgkb 0/2 ContainerCreating 0 8m42s
pod/prometheus-monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus-0 0/3 ContainerCreating 0 37s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/alertmanager-operated ClusterIP None <none> 9093/TCP,9094/TCP,9094/UDP 48s
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.233.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 6d19h
service/monitor-grafana ClusterIP 10.233.10.12 <none> 80/TCP 8m44s
service/monitor-kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.233.199.229 <none> 8080/TCP 8m44s
service/monitor-prometheus-node-exporter ClusterIP 10.233.69.10 <none> 9100/TCP 8m44s
service/monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager ClusterIP 10.233.51.110 <none> 9093/TCP 8m44s
service/monitor-prometheus-operato-operator ClusterIP 10.233.209.238 <none> 8080/TCP,443/TCP 8m44s
service/monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus ClusterIP 10.233.40.187 <none> 9090/TCP 8m44s
service/prometheus-operated ClusterIP None <none> 9090/TCP 38s
service/springboot-web-demo ClusterIP 10.233.16.229 <none> 80/TCP 5d19h
service/springboot-web-svc ClusterIP None <none> 80/TCP 6d19h
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
daemonset.apps/monitor-prometheus-node-exporter 2 2 2 2 2 <none> 8m44s
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/monitor-grafana 0/1 1 0 8m44s
deployment.apps/monitor-kube-state-metrics 0/1 1 0 8m44s
deployment.apps/monitor-prometheus-operato-operator 0/1 1 0 8m44s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/monitor-grafana-775969b799 1 1 0 8m43s
replicaset.apps/monitor-kube-state-metrics-574788cc57 1 1 0 8m43s
replicaset.apps/monitor-prometheus-operato-operator-79458977df 1 1 0 8m43s
NAME READY AGE
statefulset.apps/alertmanager-monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager 0/1 48s
statefulset.apps/prometheus-monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus 0/1 38s
[root@node1 ~]# 可以看到状态还是不对的，等待状态正常即可；
（3）长时间处于ContainerCreating状态；
在我这边的时候，有两个
pod无法正常运行，分别是alertmanager-monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager和prometheus-monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus，主要原因就是第一个pod的镜像无法下载，这个时候我们可以改一下这个镜像的下载地址，然后在更新一下；
更新alertmanager-monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager镜像地址；
[root@node1 ~]# cd prometheus-operator/
[root@node1 prometheus-operator]# vim values.yaml
[root@node1 prometheus-operator]#
# 原信息
image:
repository: quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager
tag: v0.21.0
sha: ""
# 改成如下信息
image:
repository: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/yunweijia0909/alertmanager
tag: v0.21.0
sha: ""
[root@node1 prometheus-operator]# helm upgrade monitor -f values.yaml ../prometheus-operator/
# 或者采用如下方式，直接来修改这个pod的images地址，也可以
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl edit pod alertmanager-monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager-0
# 地址修改如下：
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/yunweijia0909/alertmanager:v0.21.0更新prometheus-monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus，这里在上一步操作完毕之后，他就自动成功了；
最后状态如下：
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
alertmanager-monitor-prometheus-operato-alertmanager-0 2/2 Running 0 26m
monitor-grafana-775969b799-6tldl 2/2 Running 2 3h26m
monitor-kube-state-metrics-574788cc57-r9gtf 1/1 Running 1 3h26m
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-9pdwj 1/1 Running 1 3h26m
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-v9qhp 1/1 Running 1 3h26m
monitor-prometheus-operato-operator-79458977df-5jgkb 2/2 Running 2 3h26m
prometheus-monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus-0 3/3 Running 1 3h18m
[root@node1 ~]#4、访问Prometheus（普罗米修斯）
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