Uva400 Unix ls

题目：

The computer company you work for is introducing a brand new computer line and is developing a new Unix-like operating system to be introduced along with the new computer. Your assignment is to write the formatter for the ls function.
Your program will eventually read input from a pipe (although for now your program will read from the input file). Input to your program will consist of a list of (F) filenames that you will sort (ascending based on the ASCII character values) and format into (C) columns based on the length (L)
of the longest filename. Filenames will be between 1 and 60 (inclusive) characters in length and will be formatted into left-justified columns. The rightmost column will be the width of the longest filename and all other columns will be the width of the longest filename plus 2. There will be as many columns as will fit in 60 characters. Your program should use as few rows (R) as possible with rows being filled to capacity from left to right.
Input
The input file will contain an indefinite number of lists of filenames. Each list will begin with a line
containing a single integer (1 ≤ N ≤ 100). There will then be N lines each containing one left-justified
filename and the entire line’s contents (between 1 and 60 characters) are considered to be part of the
filename. Allowable characters are alphanumeric (a to z, A to Z, and 0 to 9) and from the following set
{._-} (not including the curly braces). There will be no illegal characters in any of the filenames and
no line will be completely empty.
Immediately following the last filename will be the N for the next set or the end of file. You should
read and format all sets in the input file.
Output
For each set of filenames you should print a line of exactly 60 dashes (-) followed by the formatted
columns of filenames. The sorted filenames 1 to R will be listed down column 1; filenames R + 1 to 2R
listed down column 2; etc.
Sample Input
10
tiny
2short4me
very_long_file_name
shorter
size-1
size2
size3
much_longer_name
12345678.123
mid_size_name
12
Weaser
Alfalfa
Stimey
Buckwheat
Porky
Joe
Darla
Cotton
Butch
Froggy
Mrs_Crabapple
P.D.
19
Mr._French
Jody
Buffy
Sissy
Keith
Danny
Lori
Chris
Shirley
Marsha
Jan
Cindy
Carol
Mike
Greg
Peter
Bobby
Alice
Ruben

Uva400.PNG

题目的意思是给你n个文件名，让你排序后按列优先的方式左对齐输出。假设最长文件名有m个字符，则最右列有m个字符，其他列都是m+2个字符。

排序很简单，但关键在于输出。
根据题目的意思，我们可以先找出最长文件名的字符，然后再统计一共可以有多少列多少行（可以根据输出的最顶部的横杠数确定，因为横杠数是一定的）。然后可以根据关系按照列优先的方式输出（不足的位数用空格补齐）。

参考代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100+10;

string s[N];
int n, m;

void init () {
    for (int i = 0;i < n;++i) {
        s[i].clear();
    }
}

void input() {
    for (int i = 0;i < n;++i) {
        cin >> s[i];
        m = max(m, (int)(s[i].length()));//计算最长文件名的字符;
    }
} 

void output() {
    cout << "------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;//60个'-';    
}

void print(const string s, int len, char extra) {
    cout << s;//不足规定位数时用extra补位;
    for (int i = 0;i < len - s.length();++i) {
        cout << extra;
    }
}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);
    while (cin >> n) {
        init();
        m = 0;
        input();
        sort(s, s + n);
        int cols = (60 - m) / (m + 2) + 1;//计算列数;
        int rows = (n - 1) / (cols) + 1;//计算行数;
        output();
        for (int i = 0;i < rows;++i) {
            for (int j = 0;j < cols;++j) {
                int loc = j * rows + i;//当前输出的位置;
                if (loc < n) print(s[loc], ((j == cols - 1) ? m : m+2), ' ');   
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}