10.Heart Disease

Student: Is heart disease a major killer in the world?

心脏病是世界上主要杀手吗

P：Yes. About one half of all deaths in the US are caused by heart attack, strokes, and other diseases. of the heart and blood vessels.

是的。由心肌梗死，卒中以及心脏和血管的其他疾病引起的死亡人数占美国所有死亡人数的一半

S：What do heart diseases involve?

心脏病包括哪些疾病？

P：Heart diseases involve congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and so on.

心脏病包括先天性心脏病，冠心病，心肌梗死等

S：It is said congenital heart disease is often divided into two types, isn't it?

据说先天性心脏病通常分两种，是吗？

P：Yes. Those with cyanosis and those without cyanosis.

是的，分为发绀型和非发绀型

S：What are the symptoms of the cyanosis and the non-cyanosis?

发绀型和非发绀型有什么症状呢

P：The cyanosis includes tetralogy of Fallot, transpositation of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, etc.

发绀型有法洛四联症，大动脉异位，三尖瓣闭锁等

P：The non-cyanosis covers atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, aotic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis,etc.

非发绀型有心房隔膜缺损，动脉导管未闭，动脉狭窄，肺动脉狭窄等

S：Is it likely that hereditary factors play a role in congenital heart disease?

遗传因素有可能引起先天性心脏病吗

P：It is hart to say.  But experts believe that some prescription and over the counter drugs and alcohol during pregnancy increase the risk of heart defects.

很难说，但是专家认为怀孕期间一些处方和非处方药以及酒精都可能增加患心脏病的风险

S：What causes coronary heart disease(CHD)

冠心病是由什么引起的？

P：It is caused by a thickening of the inside walls of the coronary arteries.  High blood cholesterol , high blood pressure and smoking also contribute to CHD

冠心病由冠状动脉内壁增厚所引起。胆固醇高，血压高和吸烟也会导致冠心病。

S: It is believed that chest pain or shortness of breath may be the earliest signs of CHD, isn't it?

有人认为胸痛和气短是冠心病早起症状，是这样吗

P：Yes.  A person may feel heaviness, tightness, pain, burning, pressure, or squeezing usually behind the breastbone.

是的。患者可能会感到胸骨后出现沉重感，紧缩感，疼痛，烧灼感和压迫感。

S：What kind of lifestyle changes can help a person with heart disease?

什么样的生活方式改变对心脏病患者有好处呢

P：Changing one's diet to keep low in fat and calories will help reduce high blood cholesterols.

改变饮食习惯，减少脂肪和热量摄入，有助于降低血胆固醇。

S：Anything else?

还有别的吗？

P：Quitting smoking dramatically lowers the risk of a heart attack, and moderate amounts of physical activity will benefit.

戒烟能在很大程度上降低心脏病发作概率，适当运动也是有益的。