- the audiences was composed mainly of other cowboys who watched the competitors critically.
观众主要由其他牛仔组成，他们会用批判性的眼光来看参赛选手。（critically是副词，修饰动词，修饰watched） - Do you know what these symbols mean?
你知道这些符号什么意思吗？ - Do you know what this symbol means?
mean在第三人称单数时加s！ - last week, (you recall回想)你回想一下, we discussed the early development of railroads in the United States, today I want to mention an even earlier form of transportation, one that brought the first European settlers移居者 to America
- Sailing ships were vital to the economy.
帆船对于经济是至关重要的 - many coastal towns depended on fishing or whaling for employment就业 and income
- and there the wood from nearby forests and the skills of local designers and workers also formed the basis of an important shipbuilding造船业 industry
- but the big profits were to be made on trade with faraway places
但是大部分的利润是由和远的地方的交易组成的 - since sea captains often became part owners of their ships, they had a strong interest in the commercial success of their voyages.
- so these Yankees, that’s what US sailor to be called
- the high point of this trade came in the mid-19 century with the introduction引进 of the clipper快速帆船 ship
在19世纪中期，由于引进了快速帆船而迎来了这个交易的鼎盛时期 - the enormous庞大的 Yankee clippers with huge sails帆 reaching nearly 200 feet into the sky.
- at that time this seemed unbelievable fast and efficient, but in 1860s, the more reliable steam-powered ship began to take over, and soon the important role of sailing ships in the US economy would come to an end
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