直线检测

直线检测通常会用到Hough变换，原理可参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/AndyJee/p/3805594.html
用到的API是cv2.HoughLines和cv2.HoughLinesP
简单例子

import cv2
import numpy as np
img =cv2.imread("lines.jpg")
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
edges = cv2.Canny(gray,50,120)
minLineLength = 20
maxLineGap = 5
lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(edges,1,np.pi/180,20,minLineLength,maxLineGap)
for x1,y1,x2,y2 in lines[0]:
    cv2.line(img,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(0,255,0),2)
cv2.imshow("edges",edges)
cv2.imshow("lines",img)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

image.png
image.png

圆检测

同样使用hough变换，API为cv2.HoughCircles

import cv2
import numpy as np

planets = cv2.imread('planet_glow.jpg')
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(planets, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
img = cv2.medianBlur(gray_img, 5)
cimg = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)

circles = cv2.HoughCircles(img,cv2.HOUGH_GRADIENT,1,120,
                            param1=100,param2=30,minRadius=0,maxRadius=0)

circles = np.uint16(np.around(circles))

for i in circles[0,:]:
    # draw the outer circle
    cv2.circle(planets,(i[0],i[1]),i[2],(0,255,0),2)
    # draw the center of the circle
    cv2.circle(planets,(i[0],i[1]),2,(0,0,255),3)

cv2.imwrite("planets_circles.jpg", planets)
cv2.imshow("HoughCirlces", planets)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

image.png