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mongDB 进阶(分片)

mongDB 进阶(分片)

作者: 吃可爱长大鸭 | 来源:发表于2019-12-26 08:58 被阅读0次

分片架构图

image.png

第一章 分片的概念

1.有了副本集，为什么还需要分片？

副本集资源利用率不高
分片可以提高资源利用率

2.分片的缺点

理想情况下需要机器比较多
配置和运维变得复杂且困难
提前规划好特别重要，一旦建立后在想改变架构变得很困难

第2章 分片工作原理

1.路由服务mongos

路由服务，提供代理，替用户去向后请求shard分片的数据
即使数据已经被分散存储到不同的物理服务器中，但对程序而已，数据还是完整的，并未被拆分。
数据存储过程中相关复杂工作，mongos都帮你完成了。

2.分片配置信息服务器config

保存说明数据结构的元数据
保存所有shard的配置信息
提供给mongos查询服务

3.数据节点shard

负责处理数据的节点，每个shard都是分片集群的一部分
每一个分片都是一个完整的副本集。

4.片键 shard key

数据存放到哪个shard的区分规则
片键可以是一个或多个字段的组合
片键就是集合的索引
选择片键的依据：
能够被经常访问到的字段
索引字段基数够大

分类：
区间片键
id  name   host  sex  host
1   zhang  SH    boy  SH 
2   ya     BJ    boy  BJ 
3   yaya   SZ    girl SZ 

如果以id作为片键：
索引：id
1-100       shard1
100-200     shard2
200-正无穷     shard3 

如果以host作为片键：
SH  shard1
BJ  shard2 
SZ  shard3 

hash片键:
足够平均，足够随机
id  name   host  sex 
1   zhang  SH    boy
2   ya     BJ    boy 
3   yaya   SZ    girl

如果以id作为片键：
索引：id
1   hash 之后 shard2 
2   hash 之后 shard3 
3   hash 之后 shard1

第三章 IP端口目录规划

1.IP端口规划

db01    10.0.0.51   
        Shard1_Master   28100
        Shard2_Slave    28200
        Shard3_Arbiter  28300
        Config Server   40000
        mongos Server   60000
        
db02    10.0.0.52   
        Shard2_Master   28100
        Shard3_Slave    28200
        Shard1_Arbiter  28300
        Config Server   40000
        mongos Server   60000
        
db03    10.0.0.53   
        Shard3_Master   28100
        Shard1_Slave    28200
        Shard2_Arbiter  28300
        Config Server   40000
        mongos Server   60000

2.目录规划

服务目录：
/opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/slave//{conf,log,pid}
/opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
/data/config/{conf,log,pid}
/data/mongos/{conf,log,pid}

数据目录：
/data/master/
/data/slave/
/data/arbiter/
/data/config/

第四章 分片集群搭建副本集步骤

1.安装软件

注意：三台服务器都操作！！！
tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14.tgz -C /opt/
ln -s /opt/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.14 /opt/mongodb
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

2.创建目录

注意：三台服务器都操作！！！

mkdir -p /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}

mkdir -p /data/master/
mkdir -p /data/slave/
mkdir -p /data/arbiter/

3.db01创建配置文件

### master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

### slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

### aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

4.db02创建配置文件

### master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

### slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

### aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

5.db03创建配置文件

### master节点配置文件
cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongod.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

### slave节点配置文件
cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

### aribiter节点配置文件
cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

6.优化警告

注意！三台服务器都操作！！！

useradd mongod -s /sbin/nologin -M 
echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

7.创建配置文件并启动服务

注意！三台服务器都操作！！！

### master启动文件
cat >/lib/systemd/system/mongod-master.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf"
ExecStart=/opt/mongodb/bin/mongod \$OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /opt/master
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /data/master
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/opt/master/pid/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


### slave启动文件
cat >/lib/systemd/system/mongod-slave.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf"
ExecStart=/opt/mongodb/bin/mongod \$OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /opt/slave
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /data/slave
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


### arbiter启动文件
cat >/lib/systemd/system/mongod-arbiter.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf"
ExecStart=/opt/mongodb/bin/mongod \$OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /opt/arbiter
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /data/arbiter
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

重新载入配置

注意三台配置一样！！！
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mongod-master.service
systemctl start mongod-slave.service
systemctl start mongod-arbiter.service
netstat -lntup|grep mongod

8.初始化副本集

## db01 master节点初始化shard1的副本
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
等一等
rs.add("10.0.0.53:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.52:28300")

## db02 master节点初始化shard2的副本
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
等一等
rs.add("10.0.0.51:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.53:28300")

## db03 master节点初始化shard3的副本
mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
等一等
rs.add("10.0.0.52:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.51:28300")

9.检查命令

mongo --port 28100
rs.status()
rs.isMaster()

第五章 分片集群搭建config步骤

注意！三台服务器操作一样！！！

1.创建目录

mkdir -p /opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/config/

2.创建配置文件

cat >/opt/config/conf/mongod.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/config/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/config/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 40000
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  replSetName: configset

sharding:
  clusterRole: configsvr
EOF

3.启动

cat >/lib/systemd/system/mongod-config.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /opt/config/conf/mongod.conf"
ExecStart=/opt/mongodb/bin/mongod \$OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /opt/config
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /data/config
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mongod-config.service

4.db01上初始化副本集

mongo --port 40000
rs.initiate({
    _id:"configset", 
    configsvr: true,
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.51:40000"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.52:40000"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.53:40000"},
    ] })

5.检查

rs.status()
rs.isMaster()

configset:PRIMARY> rs.isMaster()
{
    "hosts" : [
        "10.0.0.51:40000",
        "10.0.0.52:40000",
        "10.0.0.53:40000"
    ],
    "setName" : "configset",

第五章 mongos配置

注意！三台操作一样！！！

1.创建目录

mkdir -p /opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}

2.创建配置文件

cat >/opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/mongos/log/mongos.log

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 60000
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

sharding:
  configDB: 
    configset/10.0.0.51:40000,10.0.0.52:40000,10.0.0.53:40000
EOF

3.启动

cat >/lib/systemd/system/mongod-mongos.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf"
ExecStart=/opt/mongodb/bin/mongos \$OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown -R mongod:mongod /opt/mongos
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mongod-mongos.service

4.登录期中一台mongos

mongo --port 60000

5.添加分片成员

use admin
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard1/10.0.0.51:28100,10.0.0.53:28200,10.0.0.52:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard2/10.0.0.52:28100,10.0.0.51:28200,10.0.0.53:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard3/10.0.0.53:28100,10.0.0.52:28200,10.0.0.51:28300'})

6.查看分片信息

db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )

第六章 分片配置

1.区间分片：

数据库开启分片

mongo --port 60000
use admin 
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "test" } )

创建集合索引

mongo --port 60000 
use test
db.range.ensureIndex( { id: 1 } )

对集合开启分片，片键是id

use admin
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "test.range",key : {id: 1} } )

插入测试数据

use test
for(i=1;i<10000;i++){ db.range.insert({"id":i,"name":"shanghai","age":28,"date":new Date()}); }
db.range.stats()
db.range.count()

2.hash分片

数据库开启分片

mongo --port 60000
use admin
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "oldboy" } )

集合创建索引

use oldboy
db.hash.ensureIndex( { id: "hashed" } )

集合开启哈希分片

use admin
sh.shardCollection( "oldboy.hash", { id: "hashed" } )

生成测试数据

use oldboy
for(i=1;i<10000;i++){ db.hash.insert({"id":i,"name":"shanghai","age":70}); }

分片验证

shard1
mongo db01:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33755


shard2
mongo db02:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33142


shard3
mongo db03:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33102

第七章 分片集群常用管理命令

1.列出分片所有详细信息

db.printShardingStatus()
sh.status()

2.列出所有分片成员信息

use admin
db.runCommand({ listshards : 1})

3.列出开启分片的数据库

use config
db.databases.find({"partitioned": true })

4.查看分片的片键

use config
db.collections.find().pretty()

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