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R绘图的生物学家(3):Interrogating your d

R绘图的生物学家(3):Interrogating your d

作者: lxmic | 来源:发表于2017-10-15 13:38 被阅读168次

    本节的内容为:查看数据基本信息,包括最小值,最大值,中位数,上下四分位数,以及字符型变量的频数。用到的新函数summary()。

    简单粗暴,直接上代码:

    # 包载入,才能够使用
    library(ggplot2)
    # 赋值变量
    filename <- "Lesson-03/Encode_HMM_data.txt"
    # 数据导入
    # Select a file and read the data into a data-frame
    my_data <- read.csv(filename, sep="\t", header=FALSE)
    # 小部分数据的查看
    head(my_data)
    # 变量的重新命名
    # Rename the columns so we can plot things more easily without looking up which column is which
    names(my_data)[1:4] <- c("chrom","start","stop","type")
    # At any time, you can see what your data looks like using the head() function:
    head(my_data)
    # 绘制图片
    # Now we can make an initial plot and see how it looks
    ggplot(my_data,aes(x=chrom,fill=type)) + geom_bar()
    # 以上是第一节课中的内容,下面才是一点新的知识
    #查看我们的数据到底有多大
    # We can see how big our data is:
    dim(my_data)
    # summary()函数可以查看整个数据的基本统计参数
    # We can ask our data some questions:
    summary(my_data)
    #当然也是可以查看单个变量的统计参数
    # We can break these down by column to see more:
    summary(my_data$chrom)
    summary(my_data$type)
    summary(my_data$start)
    summary(my_data$stop)
    # 这里是一种添加新变量的方法,可以学习,size是新的变量,这算是一个新的知识点。
    # We can even make a new column by doing math on the other columns
    my_data$size = my_data$stop - my_data$start
    # 查看一下是否有新的变量
    # So now there's a new column
    head(my_data)
    # 基本统计:平均数,标准差,中数,最大值,最小值
    # Basic statistics:
    summary(my_data$size)
    mean(my_data$size)
    sd(my_data$size)
    median(my_data$size)
    max(my_data$size)
    min(my_data$size)
    # 下一节课需要解决的内容:可以发现x轴的染色体位置是乱的,字体不能适配,名字错误,类型太多。
    # Let's think about the issues and in the next lesson we will learn how to deal with them
    ggplot(my_data,aes(x=chrom,fill=type)) + geom_bar()
    
    # 1)    Chromosomes in the wrong order, and the "chr" prefixes don't fit on the x-axis
    # 2)    Too many types
    # 3)    Bad names for the types
    
    

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