Mac下修改MySQL编码格式（Linux基本一致）

目录：

1. 配置MySQL，包括path和my.cnf
2. 新建库保证为utf8、已有的库修改其为utf8以及查看编码的方法
3. 避免导入数据库中文乱码问题
4. 解决网页中乱码问题

首先配置好MySQL.

1 先配置环境变量path

首先cd到用户目录，然后ls -a查看所有文件，去.bash_profile中配置JAVA_HOME

vi .bash_profile

将下面这段复制进去：

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin

:wq!保存退出。

关闭MySQL

sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop

2 配置my.cnf

查看一下/usr/local/mysql/support-files文件夹，里面有没有my-default.cnf或my.cnf文件。

如果有：

(5.5以前系统)在[client]下面加入

default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下面加入

default-character-set=utf8

Notice：注意 如果修改后不能启动、报错,试试把
default-character-set=utf8改为character_set_server=utf8，仅仅加入到[mysqld]下面[client]就不需要加了

(5.5以后系统)如下修改：

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

如果没有：/etc下新建my.cnf

$ cd /etc
$ sudo vim my.cnf

复制文后附带的文本内容进去。

重启MySQL

sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 
| Variable_name | Value | 
+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 
| character_set_client | utf8 | 
| character_set_connection | utf8 | 
| character_set_database | utf8 | 
| character_set_filesystem | binary | 
| character_set_results | utf8 | 
| character_set_server | utf8 | 
| character_set_system | utf8 | 
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

如果是已有的库，修改方法

查看默认的编码格式：

mysql> show variables like "%char%";

查看数据库的编码格式：

mysql> show create database test;

建数据库时：

CREATE DATABASE `test`
CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

建表时：

CREATE TABLE `database_user` (
`ID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
`UserID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

修改数据库为utf8的方法：

mysql>ALTER DATABASE mydatabase DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
# mydatabase就是已有的你要修改的库。

修改表为utf8的方法：

ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

避免导入数据中文乱码问题

将数据编码格式保存为utf-8

设置默认编码为utf8：

set names utf8;

执行SET NAMES utf8的效果等同于同时设定如下：

SET character_set_client='utf8';
SET character_set_connection='utf8';
SET character_set_results='utf8';

设置数据库db_name默认为utf8:
设置表tb_name默认编码为utf8:
导入：

LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\utf8.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb;

将数据编码格式保存为ansi(即GBK或GB2312)

设置默认编码为gbk：

set names gbk;

设置数据库db_name默认编码为gbk:

ALTER DATABASE `db_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

设置表tb_name默认编码为gbk:

ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

导入：

LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\gbk.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb;

注意：

• UTF8不要导入gbk，gbk不要导入UTF8;
• dos下不支持UTF8的显示;

解决网页中乱码的问题

将网站编码设为 utf-8,这样可以兼容世界上所有字符。

如果网站已经运作了好久,已有很多旧数据,不能再更改简体中文的设定,那么建议将页面的编码设为 GBK, GBK与GB2312的区别就在于:GBK能比GB2312显示更多的字符,要显示简体码的繁体字,就只能用GBK。

1. 编辑/etc/my.cnf　,在[mysql]段加入default_character_set=utf8;
2. 在编写Connection URL时，加上?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8参;
3. 在网页代码中加上一个set names utf8或者set names gbk的指令，告诉MySQL连线内容都要使用utf8或者gbk;

附my.cnf

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems. 
# 
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays 
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with 
# other programs (such as a web server) 
# 
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of 
# locations which depend on the deployment platform. 
# You can copy this option file to one of those 
# locations. For information about these locations, see: 
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html 
# 
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. 
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program 
# with the "--help" option. 
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients 
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password 
port = 3306 
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock 
# Here follows entries for some specific programs 
# The MySQL server 
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
port = 3306 
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock 
skip-external-locking 
key_buffer_size = 16M 
max_allowed_packet = 1M 
table_open_cache = 64 
sort_buffer_size = 512K 
net_buffer_length = 8K 
read_buffer_size = 256K 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K 
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M 
character-set-server=utf8 
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, 
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. 
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. 
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows 
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! 
# 
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default) 
# binary logging is required for replication 
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended 
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set 
# but will not function as a master if omitted 
server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) 
# 
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between 
# two methods : 
# 
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - 
# the syntax is: 
# 
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, 
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; 
# 
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and 
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). 
# 
# Example: 
# 
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, 
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; 
# 
# OR 
# 
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then 
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example 
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to 
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later 
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and 
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown 
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. 
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched 
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) 
# 
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 
# (and different from the master) 
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set 
# but will not function as a slave if omitted 
#server-id = 2 
# 
# The replication master for this slave - required 
#master-host = <hostname> 
# 
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting 
# to the master - required 
#master-user = <username> 
# 
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to 
# the master - required 
#master-password = <password> 
# 
# The port the master is listening on. 
# optional - defaults to 3306 
#master-port = <port> 
# 
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended 
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables 
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data 
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend 
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data 
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % 
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high 
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M 
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M 
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size 
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M 
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M 
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump] 
quick 
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql] 
no-auto-rehash 
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL 
#safe-updates 
default-character-set=utf8

[myisamchk] 
key_buffer_size = 20M 
sort_buffer_size = 20M 
read_buffer = 2M 
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy] 
interactive-timeout