PHP操作Excel

作者: EvansChang | 来源:发表于2017-03-10 17:59 被阅读1939次

    本次主要讲解PHP通过PHPExcel来操作excel,主要针对的人群是PHP新手或者急需要使用PHPExcel来操作excel的人群。

    下载PHPExcel

    首先需要从PHPExcel官网下载PHPExcel的源码包,虽然也可以通过百度搜索其他途径下载,但是我们最好还是从官网下载,毕竟是官方的。

    使用PHPExcel

    在使用PHPExcel时我们需要引入PHPExcel文件,我们需要把下载到的PHPExcel源码复制到本地目录下,结构如下图

    接下来我们就要开始引入PHPExcel主文件了,也就是PHPExcel.php文件。

    <?php
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php');
    ?>
    

    我们来看下PHPExcel类是什么样的一个结构,代码很长我就不贴代码了,截图如下



    PHPExcel.php文件中主要就是写了PHPExcel这个类,而我们要操作Excel也是通过这个类的变量来操作的。

    读取Excel

    <?php
    //引入Reader
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/Reader/Excel2007.php');
    
    //实例化Reader  
    $objReader = new PHPExcel_Reader_Excel2007;
    
    //通过reader变量载入Excel文件并返回一个excel文件对象
    $objPHPExcel = $objReader->load("demo.xlsx");
    
    //通过excel文件对象获取里面所有的表
    $sheets = $objPHPExcel->getAllSheets();
    
    //通过excel文件对象获取里面第一张的表
    $singleSheet = $objPHPExcel->getSheet(0);
    echo '<pre>';
    foreach($sheets as $item){
        echo $item->getTitle();
        echo '<br>';
    }
    echo $singleSheet->getTitle();
    ?>
    

    上述代码就是通过最简单的方式读取Excel文件并输出里面所有sheet的名称以及第一个sheet的名称。
    通过获取到的sheet我们就可以对sheet里面的单元格进行操作了,对于sheet的读取操作我们这里就不讲了,有兴趣的同学可以查看PHPExcel根目录下的Classes底下的WorkSheet.php文件,里面有许多方法可以调用,大家可以等会学了Write之后再进行试验查看下效果。

    写入PHPExcel

    <?php
    //Include class  
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php');  
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/Writer/Excel2007.php');  
    $objPHPExcel = new PHPExcel();  
      
    //Set properties 设置文件属性  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setCreator("Maarten Balliauw");  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setLastModifiedBy("Maarten Balliauw");  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setTitle("Office 2007 XLSX Test Document");  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setSubject("Office 2007 XLSX Test Document");  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setDescription("Test document for Office 2007 XLSX, generated using PHP classes.");  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setKeywords("office 2007 openxml php");  
    $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setCategory("Test result file");  
      
    //Add some data 添加数据  
    //设置第一个sheet为正在活动的sheet,PHPExcel自带一个sheet所以我们不需要创建sheet
    $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);
    //设置指定单元格数据
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A1', 'Hello');
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A2', true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A3', false);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B2', 'world!');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B3', 2);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('C1', 'Hello');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('D2', 'world!');  
      
    //循环  
    for($i = 1;$i<200;$i++) {  
        $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A' . $i, $i);  
        $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B' . $i, 'this is test demo');  
    }  
    //Create a new worksheet, after the default sheet 创建新的工作标签  
    $objPHPExcel->createSheet();  
    $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(1);  
      
    //Set header and footer. When no different headers for odd/even are used, odd header is assumed. 页眉页脚  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getHeaderFooter()->setOddHeader('&C&HPlease treat this document as confidential!');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getHeaderFooter()->setOddFooter('&L&B' . $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->getTitle() . '&RPage &P of &N');  
      
    //Set page orientation and size 方向大小  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getPageSetup()->setOrientation(PHPExcel_Worksheet_PageSetup::ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getPageSetup()->setPaperSize(PHPExcel_Worksheet_PageSetup::PAPERSIZE_A4);  
      
    //Rename sheet 重命名工作表标签  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setTitle('Simple');
    
    //设置第一个sheet为正在活动的sheet,当打开Excel文件时会默认打开第一个sheet
    $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);
      
    //Save Excel 2007 file 保存
    $objWriter = new PHPExcel_Writer_Excel2007($objPHPExcel);
    $objWriter->save(str_replace('.php', '.xlsx', __FILE__));
      
    //1.6.2新版保存  
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/IOFactory.php');
    $objWriter = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($objPHPExcel, 'Excel2007');
    $objWriter->save(str_replace('.php', '.xls', __FILE__));
    
    ?>
    

    上述代码就是通过PHPExcel来创建一个Excel文件且往里面填入相应的数据,我们来看下第一段代码,第一段代码就是引入了PHPExcel.php及Excel2007.php文件,并实例化PHPExcel类。第二段代码就是在我们的PHPExcel对象上设置相应的属性,这里说明下,Excel被读取之后返回给我们的就是一个PHPExcel对象,我们在这里设置PHPExcel对象的属性其实就是设置接下来生成的Excel文件的属性,能在右键属性中查看到的那部分信息。
    我们再来看最后两段代码,值得一说的是在PHPExcel1.6.2版本开始支持通过依赖注入来获取写操作柄进行保存文件。
    除此之外PHPExcel还支持写入时间数值,注释,设置文字样式,单元格样式,图标等等。具体代码如下:

    <?php
    //Include class  
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php');  
    require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/Writer/Excel2007.php');
    $objPHPExcel = new PHPExcel();
    
    //日期格式化  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('D1', time());
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D1')->getNumberFormat()->setFormatCode(PHPExcel_Style_NumberFormat::FORMAT_DATE_YYYYMMDDSLASH);  
      
    //Add comment 添加注释  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->setAuthor('PHPExcel');  
    $objCommentRichText = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->getText()->createTextRun('PHPExcel:');  
    $objCommentRichText->getFont()->setBold(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->getText()->createTextRun("\r\n");  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->getText()->createTextRun('Total amount on the current invoice, excluding VAT.');   
      
    //Merge cells 合并分离单元格  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->mergeCells('A18:E22');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->unmergeCells('A18:E22');  
      
    //Protect cells 保护单元格  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setSheet(true);//Needs to be set to true in order to enable any worksheet protection!  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->protectCells('A3:E13', 'PHPExcel');  
      
    //Set cell number formats 数字格式化  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E4')->getNumberFormat()->setFormatCode(PHPExcel_Style_NumberFormat::FORMAT_CURRENCY_EUR_SIMPLE);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->duplicateStyle( $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E4'), 'E5:E13' );  
      
    //Set column widths 设置列宽度  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('B')->setAutoSize(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('D')->setWidth(12);  
      
    //Set fonts 设置字体  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setName('Candara');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setSize(20);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setBold(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setUnderline(PHPExcel_Style_Font::UNDERLINE_SINGLE);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->getColor()->setARGB(PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_WHITE);  
      
    //Set alignments 设置对齐  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D11')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_RIGHT);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A18')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_JUSTIFY);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A18')->getAlignment()->setVertical(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A3')->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);  
      
    //Set column borders 设置列边框  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A4')->getBorders()->getTop()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A10')->getBorders()->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E10')->getBorders()->getRight()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E13')->getBorders()->getBottom()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK);  
      
    //Set border colors 设置边框颜色  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getLeft()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getTop()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getBottom()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E13')->getBorders()->getRight()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300');  
      
    //Set fills 设置填充  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A1')->getFill()->setFillType(PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A1')->getFill()->getStartColor()->setARGB('FF808080');  
      
    //Add a hyperlink to the sheet 添加链接  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('E26', 'www.phpexcel.net');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('E26')->getHyperlink()->setUrl('http://www.phpexcel.net');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('E26')->getHyperlink()->setTooltip('Navigate to website');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E26')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_RIGHT);  
      
    //Add a drawing to the worksheet 添加图片  
    $objDrawing = new PHPExcel_Worksheet_Drawing();  
    $objDrawing->setName('Logo');  
    $objDrawing->setDescription('Logo');  
    $objDrawing->setPath('./demoPage2.png');  
    $objDrawing->setHeight(36);  
    $objDrawing->setCoordinates('B15');  
    $objDrawing->setOffsetX(110);  
    $objDrawing->setRotation(25);  
    $objDrawing->getShadow()->setVisible(true);  
    $objDrawing->getShadow()->setDirection(45);  
    $objDrawing->setWorksheet($objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet());  
      
    //Play around with inserting and removing rows and columns  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->insertNewRowBefore(6, 10);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->removeRow(6, 10);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->insertNewColumnBefore('E', 5);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->removeColumn('E', 5);  
      
    //Add conditional formatting  
    $objConditional1 = new PHPExcel_Style_Conditional();  
    $objConditional1->setConditionType(PHPExcel_Style_Conditional::CONDITION_CELLIS);  
    $objConditional1->setOperatorType(PHPExcel_Style_Conditional::OPERATOR_LESSTHAN);  
    $objConditional1->setCondition('0');  
    $objConditional1->getStyle()->getFont()->getColor()->setARGB(PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_RED);  
    $objConditional1->getStyle()->getFont()->setBold(true);  
      
    //Set autofilter 自动过滤  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setAutoFilter('A1:C9');  
      
    //Hide "Phone" and "fax" column 隐藏列  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('C')->setVisible(false);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('D')->setVisible(false);  
      
    //Set document security 设置文档安全  
    $objPHPExcel->getSecurity()->setLockWindows(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getSecurity()->setLockStructure(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getSecurity()->setWorkbookPassword("PHPExcel");  
      
    //Set sheet security 设置工作表安全  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setPassword('PHPExcel');  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setSheet(true);// This should be enabled in order to enable any of the following!  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setSort(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setInsertRows(true);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setFormatCells(true);  
      
    //计算  
    echo 'Value of B14 [=COUNT(B2:B12)]: ' . $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('B14')->getCalculatedValue() . "\r\n";  
      
    //Set outline levels  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('E')->setOutlineLevel(1);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('E')->setVisible(false);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('E')->setCollapsed(true);  
      
    //Freeze panes  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->freezePane('A2');  
      
    //Rows to repeat at top  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getPageSetup()->setRowsToRepeatAtTopByStartAndEnd(1, 1);  
      
    //验证输入值  
    $objValidation = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('B3')->getDataValidation();  
    $objValidation->setType( PHPExcel_Cell_DataValidation::TYPE_WHOLE );  
    $objValidation->setErrorStyle( PHPExcel_Cell_DataValidation::STYLE_STOP );  
    $objValidation->setAllowBlank(true);  
    $objValidation->setShowInputMessage(true);  
    $objValidation->setShowErrorMessage(true);  
    $objValidation->setErrorTitle('Input error');  
    $objValidation->setError('Number is not allowed!');  
    $objValidation->setPromptTitle('Allowed input');  
    $objValidation->setPrompt('Only numbers between 10 and 20 are allowed.');  
    $objValidation->setFormula1(10);  
    $objValidation->setFormula2(20);  
    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('B3')->setDataValidation($objValidation); 
    
    ?>  
    

    大家加油!

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      网友评论

      • e3b84509cc03:加密不生效,怎么回事?是保存的时候加密,还是保存后再加密:sweat_smile:
        EvansChang:@会飞的猪_8755 :smile:学到了,这一块我之前没实验
        e3b84509cc03:@EvansChang 看了官方文档,只有对表格内容或者分页来做限制保护。
        并不能像在软件内设置密码,打开文件提示输入密码的效果。
        后来只好改成ZIP压缩加密。
        EvansChang:@会飞的猪_8755 你可以试试,应该都是保存前设置加密信息的
      • bac66b29cd93:如果文档加密了,怎样读取
        EvansChang:@Who的米ME_0365 乱是肯定的,先解密再读数据,问题是怎么解密
        bac66b29cd93:@EvansChang 我试过,加密了,导出来是乱的
        EvansChang:@Who的米ME_0365 这个我还没尝试过

      本文标题:PHP操作Excel

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