# 获取微博的用户信息
import requests
import json
url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?'
user_id = 1669879400
params = {'containerid': '100505' + str(user_id)}
r = requests.get(url, params=params)
content=json.loads(r.text)
print(content)
# 获取微博数据
import requests
import json
url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?'
user_id = 1669879400
page = 1
params = {'containerid': '107603' + str(user_id), 'page': page}
r = requests.get(url, params=params)
# print(r.text)
content=json.loads(r.text)
print(content)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import codecs
import csv
import json
import math
import os
import random
import sys
import traceback
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from time import sleep
import requests
from lxml import etree
from tqdm import tqdm
class Weibo(object):
def __init__(self, user_id, filter=0, pic_download=0):
"""Weibo类初始化"""
if not isinstance(user_id, int):
sys.exit(u'user_id值应为一串数字形式,请重新输入')
if filter != 0 and filter != 1:
sys.exit(u'filter值应为数字0或1,请重新输入')
if pic_download != 0 and pic_download != 1:
sys.exit(u'pic_download值应为数字0或1,请重新输入')
self.user_id = user_id # 用户id,即需要我们输入的数字,如昵称为"Dear-迪丽热巴"的id为1669879400
self.filter = filter # 取值范围为0、1,程序默认值为0,代表要爬取用户的全部微博,1代表只爬取用户的原创微博
self.pic_download = pic_download # 取值范围为0、1,程序默认值为0,代表不下载微博原始图片,1代表下载
self.weibo = [] # 存储爬取到的所有微博信息
self.user = {} # 存储目标微博用户信息
self.got_count = 0 # 爬取到的微博数
def get_json(self, params):
"""获取网页中json数据"""
url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?'
r = requests.get(url, params=params)
return r.json()
def get_weibo_json(self, page):
"""获取网页中微博json数据"""
params = {'containerid': '107603' + str(self.user_id), 'page': page}
js = self.get_json(params)
return js
def get_user_info(self):
"""获取用户信息"""
params = {'containerid': '100505' + str(self.user_id)}
js = self.get_json(params)
if js['ok']:
info = js['data']['userInfo']
if info.get('toolbar_menus'):
del info['toolbar_menus']
user_info = self.standardize_info(info)
self.user = user_info
return user_info
def get_long_weibo(self, id):
"""获取长微博"""
url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/detail/%s' % id
html = requests.get(url).text
html = html[html.find('"status":'):]
html = html[:html.rfind('"hotScheme"')]
html = html[:html.rfind(',')]
html = '{' + html + '}'
js = json.loads(html, strict=False)
weibo_info = js['status']
weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
return weibo
def get_pics(self, weibo_info):
"""获取微博原始图片url"""
if weibo_info.get('pics'):
pic_info = weibo_info['pics']
pic_list = [pic['large']['url'] for pic in pic_info]
pics = ','.join(pic_list)
else:
pics = ''
return pics
def download_pic(self, url, pic_path):
"""下载单张图片"""
try:
p = requests.get(url)
with open(pic_path, 'wb') as f:
f.write(p.content)
except Exception as e:
error_file = self.get_filepath(
'img') + os.sep + 'not_downloaded_pictures.txt'
with open(error_file, 'ab') as f:
url = url + '\n'
f.write(url.encode(sys.stdout.encoding))
print('Error: ', e)
traceback.print_exc()
def download_pictures(self):
"""下载微博图片"""
try:
print(u'即将进行图片下载')
img_dir = self.get_filepath('img')
for w in tqdm(self.weibo, desc=u'图片下载进度'):
if w['pics']:
pic_prefix = w['created_at'].replace('-', '') + '_' + str(
w['id'])
if ',' in w['pics']:
pic_list = w['pics'].split(',')
for i, url in enumerate(pic_list):
pic_suffix = url[url.rfind('.'):]
pic_name = pic_prefix + '_' + str(i +
1) + pic_suffix
pic_path = img_dir + os.sep + pic_name
self.download_pic(url, pic_path)
else:
pic_suffix = w['pics'][w['pics'].rfind('.'):]
pic_name = pic_prefix + pic_suffix
pic_path = img_dir + os.sep + pic_name
self.download_pic(w['pics'], pic_path)
print(u'图片下载完毕,保存路径:')
print(img_dir)
except Exception as e:
print('Error: ', e)
traceback.print_exc()
def get_location(self, selector):
"""获取微博发布位置"""
location_icon = 'timeline_card_small_location_default.png'
span_list = selector.xpath('//span')
location = ''
for i, span in enumerate(span_list):
if span.xpath('img/@src'):
if location_icon in span.xpath('img/@src')[0]:
location = span_list[i + 1].xpath('string(.)')
break
return location
def get_topics(self, selector):
"""获取参与的微博话题"""
span_list = selector.xpath("//span[@class='surl-text']")
topics = ''
topic_list = []
for span in span_list:
text = span.xpath('string(.)')
if len(text) > 2 and text[0] == '#' and text[-1] == '#':
topic_list.append(text[1:-1])
if topic_list:
topics = ','.join(topic_list)
return topics
def get_at_users(self, selector):
"""获取@用户"""
a_list = selector.xpath('//a')
at_users = ''
at_list = []
for a in a_list:
if '@' + a.xpath('@href')[0][3:] == a.xpath('string(.)'):
at_list.append(a.xpath('string(.)')[1:])
if at_list:
at_users = ','.join(at_list)
return at_users
def string_to_int(self, string):
"""字符串转换为整数"""
if isinstance(string, int):
return string
elif string.endswith(u'万+'):
string = int(string[:-2] + '0000')
elif string.endswith(u'万'):
string = int(string[:-1] + '0000')
return int(string)
def standardize_date(self, created_at):
"""标准化微博发布时间"""
if u"刚刚" in created_at:
created_at = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
elif u"分钟" in created_at:
minute = created_at[:created_at.find(u"分钟")]
minute = timedelta(minutes=int(minute))
created_at = (datetime.now() - minute).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
elif u"小时" in created_at:
hour = created_at[:created_at.find(u"小时")]
hour = timedelta(hours=int(hour))
created_at = (datetime.now() - hour).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
elif u"昨天" in created_at:
day = timedelta(days=1)
created_at = (datetime.now() - day).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
elif created_at.count('-') == 1:
year = datetime.now().strftime("%Y")
created_at = year + "-" + created_at
return created_at
def standardize_info(self, weibo):
"""标准化信息，去除乱码"""
for k, v in weibo.items():
if 'int' not in str(type(v)) and 'long' not in str(
type(v)) and 'bool' not in str(type(v)):
weibo[k] = v.replace(u"\u200b", "").encode(
sys.stdout.encoding, "ignore").decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
return weibo
def parse_weibo(self, weibo_info):
weibo = OrderedDict()
weibo['user_id'] = weibo_info['user']['id']
weibo['screen_name'] = weibo_info['user']['screen_name']
weibo['id'] = int(weibo_info['id'])
text_body = weibo_info['text']
selector = etree.HTML(text_body)
weibo['text'] = etree.HTML(text_body).xpath('string(.)')
weibo['pics'] = self.get_pics(weibo_info)
weibo['location'] = self.get_location(selector)
weibo['created_at'] = weibo_info['created_at']
weibo['source'] = weibo_info['source']
weibo['attitudes_count'] = self.string_to_int(
weibo_info['attitudes_count'])
weibo['comments_count'] = self.string_to_int(
weibo_info['comments_count'])
weibo['reposts_count'] = self.string_to_int(
weibo_info['reposts_count'])
weibo['topics'] = self.get_topics(selector)
weibo['at_users'] = self.get_at_users(selector)
return self.standardize_info(weibo)
def print_user_info(self):
"""打印用户信息"""
print('+' * 100)
print(u'用户信息')
print(u'用户id：%d' % self.user['id'])
print(u'用户昵称：%s' % self.user['screen_name'])
gender = u'女' if self.user['gender'] == 'f' else u'男'
print(u'性别：%s' % gender)
print(u'微博数：%d' % self.user['statuses_count'])
print(u'粉丝数：%d' % self.user['followers_count'])
print(u'关注数：%d' % self.user['follow_count'])
if self.user.get('verified_reason'):
print(self.user['verified_reason'])
print(self.user['description'])
print('+' * 100)
def print_one_weibo(self, weibo):
"""打印一条微博"""
print(u'微博id：%d' % weibo['id'])
print(u'微博正文：%s' % weibo['text'])
print(u'原始图片url：%s' % weibo['pics'])
print(u'微博位置：%s' % weibo['location'])
print(u'发布时间：%s' % weibo['created_at'])
print(u'发布工具：%s' % weibo['source'])
print(u'点赞数：%d' % weibo['attitudes_count'])
print(u'评论数：%d' % weibo['comments_count'])
print(u'转发数：%d' % weibo['reposts_count'])
print(u'话题：%s' % weibo['topics'])
print(u'@用户：%s' % weibo['at_users'])
def print_weibo(self, weibo):
"""打印微博，若为转发微博，会同时打印原创和转发部分"""
if weibo.get('retweet'):
print('*' * 100)
print(u'转发部分：')
self.print_one_weibo(weibo['retweet'])
print('*' * 100)
print(u'原创部分：')
self.print_one_weibo(weibo)
print('-' * 120)
def get_one_weibo(self, info):
"""获取一条微博的全部信息"""
weibo_info = info['mblog']
weibo_id = weibo_info['id']
retweeted_status = weibo_info.get('retweeted_status')
is_long = weibo_info['isLongText']
if retweeted_status: # 转发
retweet_id = retweeted_status['id']
is_long_retweet = retweeted_status['isLongText']
if is_long:
weibo = self.get_long_weibo(weibo_id)
else:
weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
if is_long_retweet:
retweet = self.get_long_weibo(retweet_id)
else:
retweet = self.parse_weibo(retweeted_status)
retweet['created_at'] = self.standardize_date(
retweeted_status['created_at'])
weibo['retweet'] = retweet
else: # 原创
if is_long:
weibo = self.get_long_weibo(weibo_id)
else:
weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
weibo['created_at'] = self.standardize_date(weibo_info['created_at'])
return weibo
def get_one_page(self, page):
"""获取一页的全部微博"""
try:
js = self.get_weibo_json(page)
if js['ok']:
weibos = js['data']['cards']
for w in weibos:
if w['card_type'] == 9:
wb = self.get_one_weibo(w)
if (not self.filter) or ('retweet' not in wb.keys()):
self.weibo.append(wb)
self.got_count = self.got_count + 1
self.print_weibo(wb)
except Exception as e:
print("Error: ", e)
traceback.print_exc()
def get_page_count(self):
"""获取微博页数"""
weibo_count = self.user['statuses_count']
page_count = int(math.ceil(weibo_count / 10.0))
return page_count
def get_write_info(self, wrote_count):
"""获取要写入的微博信息"""
write_info = []
for w in self.weibo[wrote_count:]:
wb = OrderedDict()
for k, v in w.items():
if k not in ['user_id', 'screen_name', 'retweet']:
if 'unicode' in str(type(v)):
v = v.encode('utf-8')
wb[k] = v
if not self.filter:
if w.get('retweet'):
wb['is_original'] = False
for k2, v2 in w['retweet'].items():
if 'unicode' in str(type(v2)):
v2 = v2.encode('utf-8')
wb['retweet_' + k2] = v2
else:
wb['is_original'] = True
write_info.append(wb)
return write_info
def get_filepath(self, type):
"""获取结果文件路径"""
try:
file_dir = os.path.split(
os.path.realpath(__file__)
)[0] + os.sep + 'weibo' + os.sep + self.user['screen_name']
if type == 'img':
file_dir = file_dir + os.sep + 'img'
if not os.path.isdir(file_dir):
os.makedirs(file_dir)
if type == 'img':
return file_dir
file_path = file_dir + os.sep + '%d' % self.user_id + '.' + type
return file_path
except Exception as e:
print('Error: ', e)
traceback.print_exc()
def get_result_headers(self):
"""获取要写入结果文件的表头"""
result_headers = [
'id', '正文', '原始图片url', '位置', '日期', '工具', '点赞数', '评论数', '转发数', '话题',
'@用户'
]
if not self.filter:
result_headers2 = ['是否原创', '原始用户id', '原始用户昵称']
result_headers3 = ['原始微博' + r for r in result_headers]
result_headers = result_headers + result_headers2 + result_headers3
return result_headers
def write_csv(self, wrote_count):
"""将爬到的信息写入csv文件"""
write_info = self.get_write_info(wrote_count)
result_headers = self.get_result_headers()
result_data = [w.values() for w in write_info]
if sys.version < '3': # python2.x
with open(self.get_filepath('csv'), 'ab') as f:
f.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
writer = csv.writer(f)
if wrote_count == 0:
writer.writerows([result_headers])
writer.writerows(result_data)
else: # python3.x
with open(self.get_filepath('csv'),
'a',
encoding='utf-8-sig',
newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
if wrote_count == 0:
writer.writerows([result_headers])
writer.writerows(result_data)
print(u'%d条微博写入csv文件完毕,保存路径:' % self.got_count)
print(self.get_filepath('csv'))
def write_file(self, wrote_count):
"""将爬到的信息写入文件"""
if self.got_count > wrote_count:
self.write_csv(wrote_count)
def get_pages(self):
"""获取全部微博"""
self.get_user_info()
page_count = self.get_page_count()
wrote_count = 0
self.print_user_info()
page1 = 0
random_pages = random.randint(1, 5)
for page in tqdm(range(1, page_count + 1), desc=u"进度"):
print(u'第%d页' % page)
self.get_one_page(page)
if page % 20 == 0: # 每爬20页写入一次文件
self.write_file(wrote_count)
wrote_count = self.got_count
# 通过加入随机等待避免被限制。爬虫速度过快容易被系统限制(一段时间后限
# 制会自动解除)，加入随机等待模拟人的操作，可降低被系统限制的风险。默
# 认是每爬取1到5页随机等待6到10秒，如果仍然被限，可适当增加sleep时间
if page - page1 == random_pages and page < page_count:
sleep(random.randint(6, 10))
page1 = page
random_pages = random.randint(1, 5)
self.write_file(wrote_count) # 将剩余不足20页的微博写入文件
print(u'微博爬取完成，共爬取%d条微博' % self.got_count)
def start(self):
"""运行爬虫"""
try:
self.get_pages()
print(u'信息抓取完毕')
print('*' * 100)
if self.pic_download == 1:
self.download_pictures()
except Exception as e:
print('Error: ', e)
traceback.print_exc()
def main():
try:
user_id = 1669879400 # 可以改成任意合法的用户id
filter = 1 # 值为0表示爬取全部微博（原创微博+转发微博），值为1表示只爬取原创微博
pic_download = 1 # 值为0代表不下载微博原始图片,1代表下载微博原始图片
wb = Weibo(user_id, filter, pic_download)
wb.start()
except Exception as e:
print('Error: ', e)
traceback.print_exc()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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