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Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
生物学家估计，多达200万只体型较小的草原鸡---- 一种生活在广阔草原上的鸟---- 曾经给中西部和东美国西南部灰色的地貌带来了红色。 但是现在仅存22000只鸟，占据了该物种历史分布范围的16% 。
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
这次撞击事件是美国鱼类和野生动物管理局(USFWS)决定正式将这种鸟列为濒危物种的主要原因。 “小草原鸡是在一个绝望的情况下，说: ”美国野生动物保护协会主任丹尼尔阿什。 然而，一些环保人士对此感到失望。 他们推动该机构将这种鸟列为“濒危物种” ，这种地位赋予了联邦官员更大的监管权力来打击威胁。 但阿什和其他人认为，“威胁”标签给了联邦政府灵活性，可以尝试新的、可能不那么具有对抗性的保守方法。 特别是，他们呼吁与西部州政府建立更紧密的合作关系，因为西部州政府经常对联邦政府的行动感到不安，并且与控制着大约95% 草原鸡栖息地的私人土地所有者建立更紧密的。
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.
例如，该机构表示，根据该计划，只要土地所有者或企业签署了一项旨在恢复草原鸡栖息地的全面管理计划，就不会起诉无意中杀死、伤害或扰乱草原鸡的人或企业。 该计划由美国海岸警卫队和各州协商制定，要求破坏栖息地的个人和企业支付资金，用两英亩合适的栖息地来替换每一英亩被破坏的土地。 该基金还将用于补偿那些放弃栖息地的土地所有者，USFWS 还设定了一个中期目标，即在未来10年内，将草原鸡的年均数量恢复到67,000只。 同时，它还赋予西部鱼类和野生动物机构协会(WAFWA)——一个由国家机构组成的联盟——监督进展的工作。 阿什说，总的来说，这个想法是让“国家”继续在管理物种方面发挥主导作用。
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
不是每个人都相信这种双赢的说法一些国会议员正试图阻止这项计划，至少有十几个行业组织、四个州和三个环保组织正在联邦法院对其提出质疑。毫不奇怪，这还不够深入。“联邦政府把管理这种鸟的责任交给了那些将它推向灭绝边缘的行业，”生物学家杰伊 · 利宁格说。
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The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
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将较小的草原列为受威胁的主要原因是
[A]its drastically decreased population [B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
它的人口急剧减少[ b ]对草原面积的低估
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists [D]the insistence of private landowners
一些生物学家的绝望呼吁，私有土地所有者的坚持
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
- ”受到威胁”的标签使一些环境保护主义者感到失望
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure [B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[ a ]是对政府压力的屈服[ b ] ，因为政府会减少行动机构的数量
[C]granted less federal regulatory power [D]went against conservation policies
[ c ]被授予较少的联邦监管权[ d ]违反了保护政策
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
图28。 可以从第3段了解到，无意的伤害行为者不会被起诉，如果他们
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation [B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
同意支付一笔补偿金[ b ]自愿建立一个同样大的栖息地
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job [D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
提议支持前实习研究员协会的监测工作[ d ]承诺为美国武装部队的行动筹集资金
29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______
- 根据阿什的说法，在管理物种方面的主要作用是
[A]the federal government [B]the wildlife agencies
[ a ]联邦政府[ b ]野生动物保护机构
[C]the landowners [D]the states
C. 土地所有者[ d ]各州
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
- Jay Lininger 最有可能支持
[A]industry groups [B]the win-win rhetoric
[ a ]产业集团[ b ]双赢的言辞
[C]environmental groups [D]the plan under challenge
C. 环境组织[ d ]受到挑战的计划
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