gitlab CI环境搭建
摘要：主要记录基于docker 的gitlabci环境搭建步骤和示例,顺带介绍相关的基本概念.
基本概念
- CI
From wiki
In software Pipeline
一次 Pipeline 其实相当于一次构建任务，里面可以包含多个流程，如安装依赖、运行测试、编译、部署测试服务器、部署生产服务器等流程。engineering, continuous integration (CI) is the practice of merging all developer working copies to a shared mainline several times a day.Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect problems early.
-
pipeline: 一个完整的构建任务, 可以包括多个流程, 如安装依赖、运行测试、编译、部署等流程 -
Stages: 构建阶段，pipeline中提及的若干流程 -
Jobs: 表示构建作业任务，某Stage中执行的作业 -
GitLab Runner: 实际的构造pipeline执行者, 以下会有详述 -
.gitlab-ci.yml: 项目根目录下描述CI pipeline执行的文件, 见相关小节
prerequisites
本文主要关注基于docker(k8s暂未搭建)搭建gitlab CI环境. 需要先搭建好docker(或k8s)相关环境:
- docker
- docker for mac, 带kubernetes
Install gitlab
- docker 安装启动gitlab
sudo docker pull gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
sudo docker run --detach \
--hostname localhost \
--network=host \
--publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 22:22 \
--name gitlab \
--restart always \
--volume /tmp/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \
--volume /tmp/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
--volume /tmp/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
# if error occurred:
# Failed asserting that mode permissions on "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories" is 2770
mkdir -p /tmp/gitlab/data/git-data/repositories
sudo chmod g+s /tmp/gitlab/data/git-data/repositories
docker exec -it gitlab update-permissions
参数说明：
--hostname: 设置容器的hostname
--network: 设置容器运行的网络模式, 此处为host模式, 主机网络.
--publish或-p: 端口映射转发规则（本地80:容器Http访问端口, 本地443: Https访问端口, 本地端口22: ssh）
--name：容器名称
--restart always：crash或机器启动后总要重启
--volume or -v: 文件目录或磁盘挂载, (/tmp/gitlab/data: app data，/tmp/gitlab/logs: 日志路径，/tmp/gitlab/config: 配置文件)
-e：配置环境变量
-
可修改ssh端口(默认22如果已经占用, 修改为30102),
/tmp/gitlab/config/gitlab.rb:gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 30102 -
本地环境修改modify URL
- sudo hostname gitlab.test.com
- 修改
/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/gitlab.yml - 或
/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
-
浏览器访问url, 注册填写
root用户密码, 这里因为默认邮箱是无法使用的, 直接设置密码后用root登录即可.
http://localhost:80
初次见面
创建项目
- 见上图, 先创建一个组devops, 设置权限后再建立项目citest(略)
CI pipeline
see gitlabci
Starting from version 8.0, GitLab Continuous Integration (CI) is fully integrated into GitLab itself and is enabled by default on all projects.
配置 CI/CD
增加 .gitlab-ci.yml
- 在项目根目录下(比如我的是$GOPATH/src/gitlab.test.com/devops/citest)
- a demo gitlab-ci.yml file
image: alpine:latest
lint:
script: "echo lint"
test:
script: "echo testing"
- 其中
image,script是保留字(reserved keywords),image是构建项目需要使用的基础镜像,script是CI要执行的脚本命令的意思, 类似其他保留字:
extends, stage, services, image, before_script, after_script, artifacts, environment, variables, parellel等, 下篇准备对此做个总结, 其实gitlab官网说明挺详细的.
配置docker gitlab Runner
- docker runner, see gitlab
- see gitlab-runner register
- 交互式注册, seeregister runner
# https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/docker.html
mkdir -p /tmp/gitlab-runner/config
docker pull gitlab/gitlab-runner
docker run -d --network=host --name gitlab-runner --restart always \
-v /tmp/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest
# register a runner interactively, 交互式注册
docker exec -it gitlab-runner /bin/bash
gitlab-runner register --help
gitlab-runner register
# 注册填写url/token/name/executer/tag等, 从项目settings拷贝url跟toker创建一个专有runner
copy url && token from http://gitlab.test.com/devops/citest/settings/ci_cd
# http://192.168.1.101/admin/runners
# docker中不要用localhost
# executor 这一步使用 docker
# The token can be found in /etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml
grep "token" /etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml
# stop
docker stop gitlab-runner && docker rm gitlab-runner
- 命令注册, seeregister runner in one line
docker run --rm -t -i -v /tmp/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner gitlab/gitlab-runner register \
--non-interactive \
--executor "docker" \
--docker-image alpine:latest \
--url "https://gitlab.test.com/" \
--registration-token "PROJECT_REGISTRATION_TOKEN" \
--description "docker-runner" \
--tag-list "docker" \
--run-untagged \
--locked="false"``
注意: url与token来自这里：
settings->CI/CD->Specific Runners
- delploy runner in k8s （来自网上, 未验证）
# deployment.yml
# docker run --rm -t -i alpine sh -c "apk add --no-cache curl; curl -X POST -I http://gitlab.test.com/api/v4/runners"
#!/bin/bash -x
# docker run --rm -t -i -v /opt/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner gitlab/gitlab-runner register
# One-line registration command
token="Y9xTAzfiGmvWjGjSP9SV"
if [ $# -gt 1 ];then
token=$1
fi
docker run --rm -t -i --network=host -v /opt/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner gitlab/gitlab-runner register \
--non-interactive \
--url "http://gitlab.test.com/" \
--registration-token ${token} \
--description "docker-search-engine-runner" \
--executor "docker" \
--tag-list "sfd,tsfd,gpu" \
--run-untagged \
--locked="false" \
--docker-image alpine:latest
tips
- 使用
tag在.gitlab-ci.yml中指定runner -
image指定docker 镜像 -
services指定需要访问的服务 - gitlab unregister --all-runners
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