前言
本文分析dubbo的register层；此层封装服务地址的注册与发现，以服务URL为中心，扩展接口为RegistryFactory, Registry, RegistryService；
Registry接口
接口定义如下：
public interface Registry extends Node, RegistryService {
}
public interface RegistryService {
void register(URL url);
void unregister(URL url);
void subscribe(URL url, NotifyListener listener);
void unsubscribe(URL url, NotifyListener listener);
List<URL> lookup(URL url);
}
主要提供了注册(register)，注销(unregister)，订阅(subscribe)，退订(unsubscribe)等功能；dubbo提供了多种注册方式分别是：Multicast ，Zookeeper，Redis以及Simple方式；
Multicast：Multicast注册中心不需要启动任何中心节点，只要广播地址一样，就可以互相发现；
Zookeeper：Zookeeper是Apacahe Hadoop的子项目，是一个树型的目录服务，支持变更推送，适合作为Dubbo服务的注册中心，工业强度较高，可用于生产环境，并推荐使用；
Redis：基于Redis实现的注册中心，使用 Redis的Publish/Subscribe事件通知数据变更；
Simple：Simple注册中心本身就是一个普通的Dubbo服务，可以减少第三方依赖，使整体通讯方式一致；
后面重点介绍官方推荐的Zookeeper注册方式；具体的Register是在RegistryFactory中生成的，具体看一下接口定义；
RegistryFactory接口
接口定义如下：
@SPI("dubbo")
public interface RegistryFactory {
@Adaptive({"protocol"})
Registry getRegistry(URL url);
}
RegistryFactory提供了SPI扩展，默认使用dubbo，具体有哪些扩展可以查看META-INF/dubbo/internal/com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.RegistryFactory：
dubbo=com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.dubbo.DubboRegistryFactory
multicast=com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.multicast.MulticastRegistryFactory
zookeeper=com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistryFactory
redis=com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.redis.RedisRegistryFactory
已推荐的Zookeeper为实例，查看ZookeeperRegistryFactory，提供了createRegistry方法：
private ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter;
public Registry createRegistry(URL url) {
return new ZookeeperRegistry(url, zookeeperTransporter);
}
实例化ZookeeperRegistry，两个参数分别是url和zookeeperTransporter，zookeeperTransporter是操作Zookeeper的客户端组件包括：zkclient和curator两种方式
@SPI("curator")
public interface ZookeeperTransporter {
@Adaptive({Constants.CLIENT_KEY, Constants.TRANSPORTER_KEY})
ZookeeperClient connect(URL url);
}
ZookeeperTransporter同样提供了SPI扩展，默认使用curator方式；接下来重点看一下Zookeeper注册中心。
Zookeeper注册中心
1.整体设计流程
在dubbo的整体设计中，可以大致查看Registry层的大致流程，首先通过RegistryFactory实例化Registry，Registry可以接收RegistryProtocol传过来的注册(register)和订阅(subscribe)消息，然后Registry通过ZKClient来向Zookeeper指定的目录下写入url信息，如果是订阅消息Registry会通过NotifyListener来通知RegitryDirctory进行更新url，最后就是Cluster层通过路由，负载均衡选择具体的提供方；
2.Zookeeper注册中心流程
官方提供了dubbo在Zookeeper中心的流程图：
流程说明：
服务提供者启动时: 向/dubbo/com.foo.BarService/providers目录下写入自己的URL地址；
服务消费者启动时: 订阅/dubbo/com.foo.BarService/providers目录下的提供者URL地址；并向/dubbo/com.foo.BarService/consumers目录下写入自己的URL地址；
监控中心启动时: 订阅/dubbo/com.foo.BarService 目录下的所有提供者和消费者URL地址。
下面分别从注册(register)，注销(unregister)，订阅(subscribe)，退订(unsubscribe)四个方面来分析
3.注册(register)
ZookeeperRegistry的父类FailbackRegistry中实现了register方法，FailbackRegistry从名字可以看出来具有：失败自动恢复，后台记录失败请求，定时重发功能；下面具体看一下register方法：
public void register(URL url) {
super.register(url);
failedRegistered.remove(url);
failedUnregistered.remove(url);
try {
// Sending a registration request to the server side
doRegister(url);
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = e;
// If the startup detection is opened, the Exception is thrown directly.
boolean check = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
&& url.getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
&& !Constants.CONSUMER_PROTOCOL.equals(url.getProtocol());
boolean skipFailback = t instanceof SkipFailbackWrapperException;
if (check || skipFailback) {
if (skipFailback) {
t = t.getCause();
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to register " + url + " to registry " + getUrl().getAddress() + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
} else {
logger.error("Failed to register " + url + ", waiting for retry, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
// Record a failed registration request to a failed list, retry regularly
failedRegistered.add(url);
}
}
后台记录了失败的请求，包括failedRegistered和failedUnregistered，注册的时候将里面存放的url删除，然后执行doRegister方法，此方式在ZookeeperRegistry中实现，主要是在Zookeeper指定的目录下写入url信息，如果失败会记录注册失败的url，等待自动恢复；doRegister相关代码如下：
protected void doRegister(URL url) {
try {
zkClient.create(toUrlPath(url), url.getParameter(Constants.DYNAMIC_KEY, true));
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to register " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
调用zkClient的create方法在Zookeeper上创建节点，默认创建临时节点，create方法在AbstractZookeeperClient中实现，具体源码如下：
public void create(String path, boolean ephemeral) {
if (!ephemeral) {
if (checkExists(path)) {
return;
}
}
int i = path.lastIndexOf('/');
if (i > 0) {
create(path.substring(0, i), false);
}
if (ephemeral) {
createEphemeral(path);
} else {
createPersistent(path);
}
}
path指定需要创建的目录，ephemeral指定是否是创建临时节点，并且提供了递归创建目录，除了叶子目录其他目录都是持久化的；可以发现不管是创建临时目录还是持久化目录，都没有指定目录的Data，所有使用的是默认值，也就是本地ip地址；实例中创建的目录如下：
/dubbo/com.dubboApi.DemoService/providers/dubbo%3A%2F%2F10.13.83.7%3A20880%2Fcom.dubboApi.DemoService%3Fanyhost%3Dtrue%26application%3Dhello-world-app%26dubbo%3D2.0.2%26generic%3Dfalse%26interface%3Dcom.dubboApi.DemoService%26methods%3DsyncSayHello%2CsayHello%2CasyncSayHello%26pid%3D13252%26serialization%3Dprotobuf%26side%3Dprovider%26timestamp%3D1545297239027
dubbo是一个根节点，然后是service名称，providers是固定的一个类型，如果是消费端这里就是consumers，最后就是一个临时节点；使用临时节点的目的就是提供者出现断电等异常停机时，注册中心能自动删除提供者信息；可以通过如下方法查询当前的目录节点信息：
public class CuratorTest {
static String path = "/dubbo";
static CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder().connectString("127.0.0.1:2181")
.sessionTimeoutMs(5000).retryPolicy(new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3)).build();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
client.start();
List<String> paths = listChildren(path);
for (String path : paths) {
Stat stat = new Stat();
System.err.println(
"path:" + path + ",value:" + new String(client.getData().storingStatIn(stat).forPath(path)));
}
}
private static List<String> listChildren(String path) throws Exception {
List<String> pathList = new ArrayList<String>();
pathList.add(path);
List<String> list = client.getChildren().forPath(path);
if (list != null && list.size() > 0) {
for (String cPath : list) {
String temp = "";
if ("/".equals(path)) {
temp = path + cPath;
} else {
temp = path + "/" + cPath;
}
pathList.addAll(listChildren(temp));
}
}
return pathList;
}
}
递归遍历/dubbo目录下的所有子目录，同时将节点存储的数据都查询出来，结果如下：
path:/dubbo,value:10.13.83.7
path:/dubbo/com.dubboApi.DemoService,value:10.13.83.7
path:/dubbo/com.dubboApi.DemoService/configurators,value:10.13.83.7
path:/dubbo/com.dubboApi.DemoService/providers,value:10.13.83.7
path:/dubbo/com.dubboApi.DemoService/providers/dubbo%3A%2F%2F10.13.83.7%3A20880%2Fcom.dubboApi.DemoService%3Fanyhost%3Dtrue%26application%3Dhello-world-app%26dubbo%3D2.0.2%26generic%3Dfalse%26interface%3Dcom.dubboApi.DemoService%26methods%3DsyncSayHello%2CsayHello%2CasyncSayHello%26pid%3D4712%26serialization%3Dprotobuf%26side%3Dprovider%26timestamp%3D1545358401966,value:10.13.83.7
除了最后一个节点是临时节点，其他都是持久化的；
4.注销(unregister)
同样在父类FailbackRegistry中实现了unregister方法，代码如下：
public void unregister(URL url) {
super.unregister(url);
failedRegistered.remove(url);
failedUnregistered.remove(url);
try {
// Sending a cancellation request to the server side
doUnregister(url);
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = e;
// If the startup detection is opened, the Exception is thrown directly.
boolean check = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
&& url.getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
&& !Constants.CONSUMER_PROTOCOL.equals(url.getProtocol());
boolean skipFailback = t instanceof SkipFailbackWrapperException;
if (check || skipFailback) {
if (skipFailback) {
t = t.getCause();
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to unregister " + url + " to registry " + getUrl().getAddress() + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
} else {
logger.error("Failed to uregister " + url + ", waiting for retry, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
// Record a failed registration request to a failed list, retry regularly
failedUnregistered.add(url);
}
}
注销时同样删除了failedRegistered和failedUnregistered存放的url，然后调用doUnregister，删除Zookeeper中的目录节点，失败的情况下会存储在failedUnregistered中，等待重试；
protected void doUnregister(URL url) {
try {
zkClient.delete(toUrlPath(url));
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to unregister " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
//CuratorZookeeperClient删除操作
public void delete(String path) {
try {
client.delete().forPath(path);
} catch (NoNodeException e) {
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
直接使用CuratorZookeeperClient中的delete方法删除临时节点；
5.订阅(subscribe)
服务消费者启动时，会先向Zookeeper注册消费者节点信息，然后订阅…/providers目录下提供者的URL地址；消费端也同样需要注册节点信息，是因为监控中心需要对服务端和消费端都进行监控；下面重点看一下订阅的相关代码，在父类FailbackRegistry中实现了subscribe方法：
public void subscribe(URL url, NotifyListener listener) {
super.subscribe(url, listener);
removeFailedSubscribed(url, listener);
try {
// Sending a subscription request to the server side
doSubscribe(url, listener);
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = e;
List<URL> urls = getCacheUrls(url);
if (urls != null && !urls.isEmpty()) {
notify(url, listener, urls);
logger.error("Failed to subscribe " + url + ", Using cached list: " + urls + " from cache file: " + getUrl().getParameter(Constants.FILE_KEY, System.getProperty("user.home") + "/dubbo-registry-" + url.getHost() + ".cache") + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
} else {
// If the startup detection is opened, the Exception is thrown directly.
boolean check = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
&& url.getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true);
boolean skipFailback = t instanceof SkipFailbackWrapperException;
if (check || skipFailback) {
if (skipFailback) {
t = t.getCause();
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to subscribe " + url + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
} else {
logger.error("Failed to subscribe " + url + ", waiting for retry, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
// Record a failed registration request to a failed list, retry regularly
addFailedSubscribed(url, listener);
}
}
类似的格式，同样存储了失败了订阅url信息，重点看ZookeeperRegistry中的doSubscribe方法：
private final ConcurrentMap<URL, ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>> zkListeners = new ConcurrentHashMap<URL, ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>>();
protected void doSubscribe(final URL url, final NotifyListener listener) {
try {
if (Constants.ANY_VALUE.equals(url.getServiceInterface())) {
String root = toRootPath();
ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
if (listeners == null) {
zkListeners.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>());
listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
}
ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
if (zkListener == null) {
listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, new ChildListener() {
@Override
public void childChanged(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
for (String child : currentChilds) {
child = URL.decode(child);
if (!anyServices.contains(child)) {
anyServices.add(child);
subscribe(url.setPath(child).addParameters(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, child,
Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)), listener);
}
}
}
});
zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
}
zkClient.create(root, false);
List<String> services = zkClient.addChildListener(root, zkListener);
if (services != null && !services.isEmpty()) {
for (String service : services) {
service = URL.decode(service);
anyServices.add(service);
subscribe(url.setPath(service).addParameters(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, service,
Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)), listener);
}
}
} else {
List<URL> urls = new ArrayList<URL>();
for (String path : toCategoriesPath(url)) {
ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
if (listeners == null) {
zkListeners.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>());
listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
}
ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
if (zkListener == null) {
listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, new ChildListener() {
@Override
public void childChanged(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
ZookeeperRegistry.this.notify(url, listener, toUrlsWithEmpty(url, parentPath, currentChilds));
}
});
zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
}
zkClient.create(path, false);
List<String> children = zkClient.addChildListener(path, zkListener);
if (children != null) {
urls.addAll(toUrlsWithEmpty(url, path, children));
}
}
notify(url, listener, urls);
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to subscribe " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
在ZookeeperRegistry中定义了一个zkListeners变量，每个URL对应了一个map；map里面分别是NotifyListener和ChildListener的对应关系，消费端订阅时这里的NotifyListener其实就是RegistryDirectory，ChildListener是一个内部类，用来在监听的节点发生变更时，通知对应的消费端，具体的监听处理是在zkClient.addChildListener中实现的：
public List<String> addChildListener(String path, final ChildListener listener) {
ConcurrentMap<ChildListener, TargetChildListener> listeners = childListeners.get(path);
if (listeners == null) {
childListeners.putIfAbsent(path, new ConcurrentHashMap<ChildListener, TargetChildListener>());
listeners = childListeners.get(path);
}
TargetChildListener targetListener = listeners.get(listener);
if (targetListener == null) {
listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, createTargetChildListener(path, listener));
targetListener = listeners.get(listener);
}
return addTargetChildListener(path, targetListener);
}
public CuratorWatcher createTargetChildListener(String path, ChildListener listener) {
return new CuratorWatcherImpl(listener);
}
public List<String> addTargetChildListener(String path, CuratorWatcher listener) {
try {
return client.getChildren().usingWatcher(listener).forPath(path);
} catch (NoNodeException e) {
return null;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
private class CuratorWatcherImpl implements CuratorWatcher {
private volatile ChildListener listener;
public CuratorWatcherImpl(ChildListener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
}
public void unwatch() {
this.listener = null;
}
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) throws Exception {
if (listener != null) {
String path = event.getPath() == null ? "" : event.getPath();
listener.childChanged(path,
StringUtils.isNotEmpty(path)
? client.getChildren().usingWatcher(this).forPath(path)
: Collections.<String>emptyList());
}
}
}
CuratorWatcherImpl实现了Zookeeper的监听接口CuratorWatcher，用来在节点有变更时通知对应的ChildListener，这样ChildListener就可以通知RegistryDirectory进行更新数据；
6.退订(unsubscribe)
在父类FailbackRegistry中实现了unsubscribe方法
public void unsubscribe(URL url, NotifyListener listener) {
super.unsubscribe(url, listener);
removeFailedSubscribed(url, listener);
try {
// Sending a canceling subscription request to the server side
doUnsubscribe(url, listener);
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = e;
// If the startup detection is opened, the Exception is thrown directly.
boolean check = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
&& url.getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true);
boolean skipFailback = t instanceof SkipFailbackWrapperException;
if (check || skipFailback) {
if (skipFailback) {
t = t.getCause();
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to unsubscribe " + url + " to registry " + getUrl().getAddress() + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
} else {
logger.error("Failed to unsubscribe " + url + ", waiting for retry, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
// Record a failed registration request to a failed list, retry regularly
Set<NotifyListener> listeners = failedUnsubscribed.get(url);
if (listeners == null) {
failedUnsubscribed.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashSet<NotifyListener>());
listeners = failedUnsubscribed.get(url);
}
listeners.add(listener);
}
}
同样使用failedUnsubscribed用来存储失败退订的url，具体看ZookeeperRegistry中的doUnsubscribe方法
protected void doUnsubscribe(URL url, NotifyListener listener) {
ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
if (listeners != null) {
ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
if (zkListener != null) {
if (Constants.ANY_VALUE.equals(url.getServiceInterface())) {
String root = toRootPath();
zkClient.removeChildListener(root, zkListener);
} else {
for (String path : toCategoriesPath(url)) {
zkClient.removeChildListener(path, zkListener);
}
}
}
}
}
退订就比较简单了，只需要移除监听器就可以了；
7.失败重试
FailbackRegistry从名字可以看出来具有：失败自动恢复，后台记录失败请求，定时重发功能；在FailbackRegistry的构造器中启动了一个定时器：
this.retryFuture = retryExecutor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// Check and connect to the registry
try {
retry();
} catch (Throwable t) { // Defensive fault tolerance
logger.error("Unexpected error occur at failed retry, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
}, retryPeriod, retryPeriod, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
实例化了一个间隔5秒执行一次重试的定时器，retry部分代码如下：
protected void retry() {
if (!failedRegistered.isEmpty()) {
Set<URL> failed = new HashSet<URL>(failedRegistered);
if (failed.size() > 0) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Retry register " + failed);
}
try {
for (URL url : failed) {
try {
doRegister(url);
failedRegistered.remove(url);
} catch (Throwable t) { // Ignore all the exceptions and wait for the next retry
logger.warn("Failed to retry register " + failed + ", waiting for again, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) { // Ignore all the exceptions and wait for the next retry
logger.warn("Failed to retry register " + failed + ", waiting for again, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
}
...省略...
}
定期检查是否存在失败的注册(register)，注销(unregister)，订阅(subscribe)，退订(unsubscribe)URL，如果存在则重试；
总结
本文首先介绍了RegistryFactory, Registry, RegistryService几个核心接口，然后以Zookeeper为注册中心重点介绍了注册(register)，注销(unregister)，订阅(subscribe)，退订(unsubscribe)方式。
欢迎工作一到五年的Java工程师朋友们加入Java架构开发： 855835163
群内提供免费的Java架构学习资料（里面有高可用、高并发、高性能及分布式、Jvm性能调优、Spring源码，MyBatis，Netty,Redis,Kafka,Mysql,Zookeeper,Tomcat,Docker,Dubbo,Nginx等多个知识点的架构资料）合理利用自己每一分每一秒的时间来学习提升自己，不要再用"没有时间“来掩饰自己思想上的懒惰！趁年轻，使劲拼，给未来的自己一个交代！
网友评论