Type
Type类为Java所有类型的通用接口
public interface Type {
default String getTypeName() {
return toString();
}
}
查看他的继承关系：
包括原始类型、参数化类型(Parameterized)、数组类型(GenericArrayType)、类型变量(TypeVariable)、通配符类型（WildcardType）和基本类型(Class<T>);
接下来分开查看对应子类源码和测试其用法；
Parameterized
/**
* 参数化类型也就是我们常用的泛型比如List<T>等带泛型的都属于此类型
*/
public interface ParameterizedType extends Type {
//获取参数化类型参数；比如Map<K,V>;那么返回，K/V对应数组；
Type[] getActualTypeArguments();
//获取原始类型，泛型💰类型，例如：List<T> 中为 List
Type getRawType();
//如果是内部类，获取拥有内部类的外部类例如Map.Entry<K,V>中应该为Map
Type getOwnerType();
}
测试一下：
public class ParameterizedTypeTest {
private Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Field fieldList = ParameterizedTypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("entry");
Type listType = fieldList.getGenericType();
ParameterizedType listParameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) listType;
Type[] listActualTypeArguments = listParameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments();
Type listRawType = listParameterizedType.getRawType();
Type listOwnType = listParameterizedType.getOwnerType();
for (Type type : listActualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println("listActualTypeArguments:" + type.getTypeName());
}
System.out.println("listRawType:" + listRawType.getTypeName());
System.out.println("listOwnType:" + listOwnType.getTypeName());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
得到下面的输出结果：
listActualTypeArguments:java.lang.String
listActualTypeArguments:java.lang.Integer
listRawType:java.util.Map$Entry
listOwnType:java.util.Map
GenericArrayType
数组泛型类型;
查看源码：
/**
* 大致应该存在两种类型int[],List<String>[];
*/
public interface GenericArrayType extends Type {
//可以获取到数组前面的类型，比如：List<String>[]为List<String>
Type getGenericComponentType();
}
看示例：
public class GenericArrayTypeTest<T> {
private T[] intArrays = null;
private List<String>[] listArrays = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Field intFiled = GenericArrayTypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("intArrays");
Type intType = intFiled.getGenericType();
GenericArrayType intGenericArrayType = (GenericArrayType) intType;
System.out.println("intType:" + intType.getClass().getName());
System.out.println("intGenericArrayType:" + intGenericArrayType.getGenericComponentType().getTypeName());
Field listFiled = GenericArrayTypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("listArrays");
Type listType = listFiled.getGenericType();
GenericArrayType listGenericArrayType = (GenericArrayType) listType;
System.out.println("listType:" + listType.getClass().getName());
Type listCompinentType = listGenericArrayType.getGenericComponentType();
System.out.println("listCompinentType:" + listCompinentType.getTypeName());
System.out.println("listCompinentTypeClass:" + listCompinentType.getClass().getName());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
打印结果：
intType:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.GenericArrayTypeImpl
intGenericArrayType:T
listType:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.GenericArrayTypeImpl
listCompinentType:java.util.List<java.lang.String>
listCompinentTypeClass:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl
TypeVariable
类型变量：
/**
* 真实泛型变量值：例如List<T>中的T；
*/
public interface TypeVariable<D extends GenericDeclaration> extends Type, AnnotatedElement {
//获得该类型变量的上限，也就是泛型中extend右边的值；
//例如 List<T extends Number> ，Number就是类型变量T的上限；
Type[] getBounds();
//获取声明该类型变量实体
D getGenericDeclaration();
String getName();
AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedBounds();
}
不明白直接看示例：
public class TypeVariableTest<T extends Number> {
private Map<String, T> map = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Field mapField = TypeVariableTest.class.getDeclaredField("map");
Type mapType = mapField.getGenericType();
System.out.println("mapType:" + mapType.getClass().getName());
ParameterizedType mapParameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
Type[] mapParameterizedTypes = mapParameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type mapParamType : mapParameterizedTypes) {
System.out.println("mapParamType:" + mapParamType.getClass().getName());
if (mapParamType instanceof TypeVariable) {
TypeVariable typeVariable = (TypeVariable) mapParamType;
System.out.println("typeVariable:" + typeVariable.getGenericDeclaration().toString());
for (Type boundsType : typeVariable.getBounds()) {
System.out.println("boundsType:" + boundsType.getTypeName());
}
}
}
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
打印结果：
mapType:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl
mapParamType:java.lang.Class
mapParamType:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.TypeVariableImpl
typeVariable:class com.xxx.lib.TypeVariableTest
boundsType:java.lang.Number
WildcardType
通配符类型；
/**
* 通配符类型；例如：List<? extends Number>
*/
public interface WildcardType extends Type {
//获取上边界List<? extends Number> Number
Type[] getUpperBounds();
//获取下边界List<? super String> String
Type[] getLowerBounds();
}
看示例：
public class WildcardTypeTest {
private List<? extends Number> numbers;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Field numField = WildcardTypeTest.class.getDeclaredField("numbers");
Type numType = numField.getGenericType();
System.out.println("numType:" + numType.getClass().getName());
ParameterizedType numsParameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) numType;
for (Type actualType : numsParameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
System.out.println("actualType:" + actualType.getClass().getName());
WildcardType wildcardType = (WildcardType) actualType;
Type[] uppperBounds = wildcardType.getUpperBounds();
if (uppperBounds != null) {
for (Type upper : uppperBounds) {
System.out.println("upper:" + upper.getTypeName());
System.out.println("upper Type:" + upper.getClass().getName());
}
}
Type[] lowerBounds = wildcardType.getLowerBounds();
if (lowerBounds != null) {
for (Type lower : lowerBounds) {
System.out.println("lower:" + lower.getTypeName());
System.out.println("lower Type:" + lower.getClass().getName());
}
}
}
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出结果：
numType:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl
actualType:sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.WildcardTypeImpl
upper:java.lang.Number
upper Type:java.lang.Class
现实应用，Retrofit的returnType是如何拿到的？
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
if (validateEagerly) {
eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
}
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
}
//将method传递到后面
return loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args != null ? args : emptyArgs);
}
});
}
loadServiceMethod调用HttpServiceMethod
private HttpServiceMethod(RequestFactory requestFactory, okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory,
CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter,
Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT> responseConverter) {
this.requestFactory = requestFactory;
this.callFactory = callFactory;
this.callAdapter = callAdapter;
this.responseConverter = responseConverter;
}
@Override ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
//这里调用了callAdapter，继续跟进callAdapter
return callAdapter.adapt(
new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter));
}
····
private static <ResponseT, ReturnT> CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> createCallAdapter(
Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
//这里可以看到从method上拿到了返回类型的returnType；但是这里我们通常都是Observable<xxx>,最终传递给Converter的类型应该继续查看
Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
try {
//可以看到这里直接调用了retrofit的callAdaper;这是使我们初始化的retrofit设置的CallAdapter
return (CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
} catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
throw methodError(method, e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
}
}
直接追下RxJava2CallAdapterFactory
@Override public @Nullable CallAdapter<?, ?> get(
Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
//这里有个获取真实类型的，看名字这里应该是我们需要找的,等会进入这个类再详细的解释
Class<?> rawType = getRawType(returnType);
//删除部分无关代码
.......
Type responseType;
//这里可以看到 会判断返回类型是不是参数化类型。不是直接返回，这里必须是Observable<?>、Flow<?>等，将我们上面的学习，是ParameterizedType，我们学习结果得到了验证
if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
String name = isFlowable ? "Flowable"
: isSingle ? "Single"
: isMaybe ? "Maybe" : "Observable";
throw new IllegalStateException(name + " return type must be parameterized"
+ " as " + name + "<Foo> or " + name + "<? extends Foo>");
}
//// getParameterUpperBound到下面详细介绍
Type observableType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);
Class<?> rawObservableType = getRawType(observableType);
if (rawObservableType == Response.class) {
if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Response must be parameterized"
+ " as Response<Foo> or Response<? extends Foo>");
}
responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);
} else if (rawObservableType == Result.class) {
if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Result must be parameterized"
+ " as Result<Foo> or Result<? extends Foo>");
}
responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);
isResult = true;
} else {
responseType = observableType;
isBody = true;
}
return new RxJava2CallAdapter(responseType, scheduler, isAsync, isResult, isBody, isFlowable,
isSingle, isMaybe, false);
}
接下来我们看看getParameterUpperBound 和getRawType方法，他们最终调用Util中的方法，直接看对应方法
static Class<?> getRawType(Type type) {
checkNotNull(type, "type == null");
if (type instanceof Class<?>) {
// 如果是class直接返回
return (Class<?>) type;
}
if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
//如果是参数化类型
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
//拿到真实类型比如Observable<?> 拿到Observable；
Type rawType = parameterizedType.getRawType();
if (!(rawType instanceof Class)) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
return (Class<?>) rawType;
}
if (type instanceof GenericArrayType) {
Type componentType = ((GenericArrayType) type).getGenericComponentType();
//如果是数组类型，通过Array.newInstance得到数组对象，然后拿到对应的class
return Array.newInstance(getRawType(componentType), 0).getClass();
}
if (type instanceof TypeVariable) {
//type直接是类型变量，这里直接返回了Object.class；我们可以根据边界继续寻找
return Object.class;
}
if (type instanceof WildcardType) {
//如果是通配符类型，拿到上边界类型,有可能有多个层级，继续调用getRawType
return getRawType(((WildcardType) type).getUpperBounds()[0]);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a Class, ParameterizedType, or "
+ "GenericArrayType, but <" + type + "> is of type " + type.getClass().getName());
}
static Type getParameterUpperBound(int index, ParameterizedType type) {
//这个很简单就是获取对应泛型参数位置类型，如果是通配符类型拿上边界
Type[] types = type.getActualTypeArguments();
if (index < 0 || index >= types.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Index " + index + " not in range [0," + types.length + ") for " + type);
}
Type paramType = types[index];
if (paramType instanceof WildcardType) {
return ((WildcardType) paramType).getUpperBounds()[0];
}
return paramType;
}
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