audit(节流)
频繁地触发某一事件，设置其在规定的时间内只触发一次，达到节流的效果（用于搜索框中请求数据等）
在定时器发出值之前，会忽略所有源Observalbe发出的值，直到定时器发出值，会推送源Observalbe最近发出的一次值
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click').pipe(pluck('clientX'))
const result = clicks.pipe(audit(ev => interval(2000)))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
如果在2秒内频繁地触发
click事件，audit只会把最近的一次发送出来。
auditTime
类似audit，如果只用到定时的作用，auditTime更方便。重写上面的例子：
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click').pipe(pluck('clientX'))
const result = clicks.pipe(auditTime(2000))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
throttle(节流)
不同于audit的是，throttle有第二个参数，接收一个配置项，控制节流函数的触发时期
const interval$ = interval(100)
const result = interval$.pipe(throttle(ev => interval(2000)))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
* 配置项
```js
const defaultThrottleConfig：ThrottleConfig = {
leading:true, //节流开始前调用,默认为true
trailing:false //节流开始后调用,默认为false
}
- 使用配置项
const interval$ = interval(100)
const result = interval$.pipe(throttle(ev => interval(2000), { leading: false, trailing: true }))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//20
//40
//60
//……
throttleTime
类似throttle
const interval$ = interval(500)
const result = interval$.pipe(throttleTime(2000))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//0
//21
//42
//……
debounce（防抖）
当源Observable持续发送流，直到间隔的时间大于给定的时间，才执行最后一次（用于监听滚动条事件等）
与audit的区别：
- audit是否发出值取决于timer是否发出值
- debounce是否发出值取决源Observable的发射间隔是否大于给定的timer
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const result = clicks.pipe(debounce(() => interval(1000)))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
debounceTime
类似debounce，重写上面的例子：
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const result = clicks.pipe(debounceTime(2000))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
distinct(去重)
依次发出源Observable的值，只是每次只发出与之前不同的值（或者之前从没出现过的值）
of(1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4).pipe(distinct()).subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//1 2 3 4
还可以指定过滤函数
interface Person{
age:number,
name:string
}
of<Person>(
{ age: 4, name: 'Foo' },
{ age: 7, name: 'Bar' },
{ age: 5, name: 'Foo' }
).pipe(
distinct((p: Person) => p.name),
).subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//{age: 4, name: "Foo"}
//{age: 7, name: "Bar"}
distinctUntilChanged
当源Observable发出了与上一次不同的值时，才把当前值推送出去
of(1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3).pipe(distinctUntilChanged())
.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//1 2 1 2 3
还可以指定过滤函数
interface Person {
age: number,
name: string
}
of<Person>(
{ age: 4, name: 'Foo' },
{ age: 7, name: 'Bar' },
{ age: 5, name: 'Foo' }
).pipe(
distinctUntilChanged((p: Person, q: Person) => p.name === q.name),
).subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//{age: 4, name: "Foo"}
//{age: 7, name: "Bar"}
//{age: 5, name: "Foo"}
distinctUntilKeyChanged
当源Observable发出的值，它的key与上一次的key不同时，才把当前值推送出去（与上面的操作效果一样，只不过是换了一个操作符）
of<Person>(
{ age: 4, name: 'Foo' },
{ age: 7, name: 'Bar' },
{ age: 5, name: 'Foo' }
).pipe(
distinctUntilKeyChanged('name'),
).subscribe(x => console.log(x))
更精细的匹配
of<Person>(
{ age: 4, name: 'Foo' },
{ age: 7, name: 'Bar' },
{ age: 5, name: 'Foo' }
).pipe(
distinctUntilKeyChanged('name', (x: string, y: string) => x.substring(0, 3) === y.substring(0, 3)),
).subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//{age: 4, name: "Foo"}
//{age: 7, name: "Bar"}
//{age: 5, name: "Foo"}
比较的只是
{ag,所以全部打印
elementAt
发出指定索引的那个值
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const result = clicks.pipe(elementAt(2));
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
这里可能会点击很多次，但只会触发第二次的click事件
ignoreElements
忽略源Observable发出的所有值，除了complete和error
of('you', 'talking', 'to', 'me').pipe(ignoreElements())
.subscribe(
word => console.log(word),
err => console.log('error', err),
() => console.log('the end')
)
//the end
filter
类似数组的filter
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const clicksOnDivs = clicks.pipe(filter(ev => (ev.target as HTMLElement).tagName === 'DIV'))
clicksOnDivs.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
first
只取第一个发出的值，与first对应的操作符是last.
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const clicksOnDivs = clicks.pipe(first())
clicksOnDivs.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
也可以指定第一个值符合的条件
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const clickOnDivs = clicks.pipe(first(ev => (ev.target as HTMLElement).tagName === 'DIV'))
clicksOnDirs.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
last
of('one', 'two', 'three').pipe(last()).subscribe(res => console.log(res))
//three
sample
忽略源Observable发出的值，直到另一个Observable发出值，才推送源Observable最近发出的值
const seconds = interval(1000)
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const result = seconds.pipe(sample(clicks))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
定时器持续在计算，但未触发，直到click才推送流
sampleTime
每隔指定的时间发出最近的一个值
const seconds = interval(1000)
const result = seconds.pipe(sampleTime(3000))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//1
//4
//7
single
类似first，发出第一个值，但如果源Observalbe有多个值，就会直接进入error
//从1开始，同时发起5个数字
const numbers = range(1, 5).pipe(single())
numbers.subscribe(x => console.log(x), e => console.log('error'))
//error
也可以指定过滤函数
const numbers = range(1, 5).pipe(single(item => item === 3))
numbers.subscribe(
x => console.log('get result', x),
e => console.log('error'))
//get result 3
筛选出的结果必须只有一个符合的值，否则也是直接进入error
const numbers = range(1, 5).pipe(single(item => item > 3))
numbers.subscribe(
x => console.log('get result', x),
e => console.log('error'))
//error
skip
跳过前面的n个值开发推送数据
const source = interval(1000)
const example = source.pipe(skip(3));
const subscribe = example.subscribe(val => console.log(val))
//3
//4
//5
skipLast
忽略最后的n个值
const many = range(1, 5)
const skipLastTwo = many.pipe(skipLast(2))
skipLastTwo.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
从1开始，发送5个值，通过pipe忽略最后的2个值，所以打印1，2，3
skipUntil
一直忽略源Observable发出的值，直到另一个Observable发出值为止
const intervalObservalbe = interval(1000)
const click = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const emitAfterClick = intervalObservalbe.pipe(skipUntil(click))
const subscribe = emitAfterClick.subscribe(value => console.log(value))
第一个Observalue虽然一直在计时，但它会等到当第二个Observalbe发出值的时候才推送出来，并且一直执行下去，打印的时间以第二个Observalbe推送的时间为准。
skipWhile
忽略所有符合条件的值
const source = interval(1000);
const example = source.pipe(skipWhile(val => val < 5))
const subscribe = example.subscribe(val => console.log(val))
//6 7 8 9 10 ……
take
只取前n个值
const intervalCount = interval(1000);
const takeFive = intervalCount.pipe(take(1))
takeFive.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//1
//2
//3
takeLast
只取最后n个值
const intervalCount = range(1, 100)
const takeFive = intervalCount.pipe(takeLast(3))
takeFive.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
//98
//99
//100
takeUntil
不断推送源Observable发出的值，直到另一个Observalbe发出值为止
const source = interval(1000)
const clicks = fromEvent(document, 'click')
const result = source.pipe(takeUntil(clicks))
result.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
takeWhile
只取符合条件的值
const source = range(1, 8)
const example = source.pipe(takeWhile(val => val <= 4))
const subscribe = example.subscribe(val => console.log(val))
//1
//2
//3
//4
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