MySQL 5.7 linux generic 版本安装

1、下载 mysql
打开 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 链接，点击 "Looking for previous GA versions?"

选择 "Linux - Generic" ， x86-64 bit 的版本

就可以下载 mysql 了

官网下载链接地址：https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
也可以用国内源的链接地址，比如清华大学开源软件镜像站的，速度会快些：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、安装配置 mysql
把下载的 mysql 二进制包上传到 linux服务器上，或者直接在服务上下载 mysql 二进制包

# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# tar xvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql
// 创建 mysql 用户
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# mkdir mysql-files
# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files/
# chmod 750 mysql-files/

// 先创建 /opt/mysql/data 目录和分配 mysql 权限
# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data
# chown mysql:mysql /opt/mysql/data/
# chmod 750 /opt/mysql/data/

// 创建 mysql error.log、mysql.pid、mysql.sock存放目录
# mkdir -p /var/log/mysql
# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/
# chmod 750 /var/log/mysql/

// 注意终端输出的 root@localhost 的初始密码为 -ymdPl>-q0+Q
# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/
2019-10-07T14:46:19.092276Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-10-07T14:46:19.113051Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-10-07T14:46:19.170896Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3902c202-e911-11e9-bd58-0050568209d2.
2019-10-07T14:46:19.171605Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-10-07T14:46:19.173398Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -ymdPl>-q0+Q


// 修改 /etc/my.cnf 中的参数 datadir、socket、log-error、pid-file
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/opt/mysql/data
pid-file=/var/log/mysql/mysql.pid

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
socket=/var/log/mysql/mysql.sock

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
// 修改 /etc/init.d/mysql.server 中的数据目录参数 datadir 的值为 /opt/mysql/data，基础目录 basedir 参数的值为 /usr/local/mysql
# vim /etc/init.d/mysql.server
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/mysql/data

// 启动 mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
. SUCCESS! 

# netstat -nltup|grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      32201/mysqld  

// 登录 mysql，输入上面的初始密码 -ymdPl>-q0+Q
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> exit
Bye


// 如果提示密码过期
ERROR 1862 (HY000): Your password has expired. To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.
// 按如下方式重置 mysql 密码
// 先关闭 mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysql.server stop

// 再启动无需密码认证的 mysql
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

// 直接登录 mysql，无需密码
# mysql

// 把 root@localhost 的密码设为不过期
MySQL [(none)]> update mysql.user set password_expired='N' where user='root';
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;
MySQL [(none)]> exit

// 关闭 "./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &" 这种方式启动的 mysql，此处需要输入上面的初始密码 -ymdPl>-q0+Q
# mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown --socket=/var/log/mysql/mysql.sock

// 再正常启动 mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

// 输入上面的初始密码 -ymdPl>-q0+Q 登录就行
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

// 更改 root 密码的方法，比如更改 root 密码 为 123456
# mysql -uroot -p
MySQL [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;

参考：

1. /etc/my.cnf 其他参数可根据实际情况调整，可参考此链接：https://github.com/ackfin/mysql_config/blob/master/my.cnf
2. mysql 官方安装文档：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html