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ArrayList源码分析

ArrayList源码分析

作者: lilykeke | 来源:发表于2020-05-14 18:04 被阅读0次

    问题提出

    • ArrayList底层采用什么数据结构?
    • ArrayList是如何扩容的?
    • 频繁扩容导致性能下降如何处理?
    • 什么情况下你会使用ArrayList?
    • 如何复制某个ArrayList到另一个ArrayList中去?
    • ArrayList插入或删除元素一定慢么?
    • ArrayList是线程安全的么?

    下面就带着问题往下看吧~

    重要属性

    //默认的初始化容量
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
    
    //空的对象数组
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
    
    //使用默认构造函数创建对象时使用该空对象数组
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
    
    //存放数据的容器
    transient Object[] elementData;
    
    //数组长度
    private int size;
    
    //数组最大长度
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
    
    

    构造器

    /**
    * 传入指定容量大小
    */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
             this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: " + initialCapacity);
        }
    }
    
    /**
    * 无参的构造方法
    */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }
    
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }
    

    添加数据

    add(E e);
    add(int index, E element);
    addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c);
    addAll(Collection<? extends E> c);

    添加单个数据

    注意:这里使用无参构造函数,第一次添加数据作为例子

    public boolean add(E e) {
        //扩容处理
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        //添加数据到数组末尾
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }
    

    先进行扩容处理

    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
    }
    
    /**
    * 如果当前还未存入数据(空数组),返回默认长度10 (第一次添加数据,数组容量为10)
    * 否则,返回当前数组长度+1
    */
    private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        return minCapacity;
    }
    
    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        //集合修改次数加1
        modCount++;
        //判断当前数组是否有剩余空间,没有调用grow(minCapacity);
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }
    
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
            // overflow-conscious code
            int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
            //扩容新容量=旧容量+旧容量/2
            int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
            //扩容后的新容量小于所需的容量,则新容量等于所需容量
            if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
                newCapacity = minCapacity;
            //新容量若对于最大容量值,则调用方法后获取一个最大容量值
            if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
                newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
            // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
            //拷贝已有的数组到扩容后新数组
            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
        }
    
        private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
            if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
                throw new OutOfMemoryError();
            return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
                Integer.MAX_VALUE :
                MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
        }
    
    • 扩容处理逻辑如下:


      容量扩充 (1).jpg
    添加数据到指定位置

    逻辑:先将指定位置元素都往后移动一个位置,再将新元素放在指定位置。

    public void add(int index, E element) {
        //越界检测
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        //扩容处理
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        //对源数组做复制处理,后移(index+1 ~ size-index)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;
    }
    
    private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
        if (index > size || index < 0)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }
    
    添加集合数据到指定位置
    public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
        //越界检测
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        //转化为数组
        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        //需要插入的数据个数
        int numNew = a.length;
        //扩容处理
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
        //需要移动的位数
        int numMoved = size - index;
        //若插入位置当前已有数据,移位
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved);
        
        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
        size += numNew;
        return numNew != 0;
    }
    
    添加集合数据
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
            Object[] a = c.toArray();
            int numNew = a.length;
            ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
            //直接copy数据到容器中
            System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
            size += numNew;
            return numNew != 0;
        }
    

    删除元素

    remove(int index);
    remove(Object o);
    removeAll(Collection<?> c);
    clear();

    删除指定位置的元素
    public E remove(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);
        //集合修改次数加1
        modCount++;
        //取出需要删除的对象赋值给oldValue
        E oldValue = elementData(index);
        //需要移动的数据长度
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        //数据在末尾直接删除
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    
        return oldValue;
     }
    
    删除指定对象
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        //遍历数组找出要删除的数据,删除它
        if (o == null) {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (elementData[index] == null) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        } else {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    private void fastRemove(int index) {
        //集合改变数据加1
        modCount++;
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    }
    
    删除指定的集合元素
    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
        //判断对象是否为null
        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
        return batchRemove(c, false);
    }
    
    private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
        final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
        int r = 0, w = 0;
        boolean modified = false;
        try {
            for (; r < size; r++)
                //遍历数组,找出不需要删除的元素保存在数组前面
                if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
                    elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
        } finally {
            // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
            // even if c.contains() throws.
            //未完成遍历出错的情况下。
            if (r != size) {
                System.arraycopy(elementData, r,elementData, w,size - r);
                w += size - r;
            }
            if (w != size) {
                // clear to let GC do its work
                //w为已经移到数组前面需要保留的数据,删除w之后的数据
                for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
                    elementData[i] = null;
                modCount += size - w;
                size = w;
                modified = true;
            }
        }
        return modified;
    }
    
    删除所有元素
    public void clear() {
        modCount++;
    
        // clear to let GC do its work
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            elementData[i] = null;
    
        size = 0;
    }
    
    set方法 get方法
    /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with
     * the specified element.
     *
     * @param index index of the element to replace
     * @param element element to be stored at the specified position
     * @return the element previously at the specified position
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheck(index);
    
        E oldValue = elementData(index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        return oldValue;
    }
    public E get(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);
    
        return elementData(index);
    }
    
    转为数组
    public Object[] toArray() {
        return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
    }
    
    //转化为任意类型的数组
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        if (a.length < size)
            // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents:
            return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass());
        System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size);
        if (a.length > size)
            a[size] = null;
        return a;
    }
    

    小结

    • ArrayList 采用动态数组。适合快速查找数据,不适合删除和添加操作
    • 频繁扩容导致性能下降,可以初始化估计容量大小的arrayList
    • ArrayList 线程不安全

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