坑了2小时，终于通过谷歌解决，需要配置tomcat的connector的MaxSwallowSize为-1（无限制）或者大于等于spring中单个请求的文件上传打大小，建议设置大于等于spring的配置，另外spring boot暂未提供该属性的自定义配置，需要手动创建tomcat来配置connector

1、创建tomcat的属性配置类TomcatProperties

/**
 * 系统项目名称
 * com.properties
 * TomcatProperties.java
 * 
 * 2017年12月14日-上午8:38:33
 *  2017rejoiceFromJesus-版权所有
 *
 */
package com.properties;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 *
 * TomcatProperties
 * 
 * @author rejoice 948870341@qq.com
 * @date 2017年12月14日 上午8:38:33
 * 
 * @version 1.0.0
 *
 */
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix=TomcatProperties.PREFIX)
public class TomcatProperties {

    
    public static final String PREFIX = "tomcat";
    
    @Valid
    private Connector connector = new Connector();
    
    
    public Connector getConnector()  {
        return connector;
    }


    public void setConnector(Connector connector) {
        this.connector = connector;
    }


    /**
     * connector
     * 
     * @author rejoice 948870341@qq.com
     * @date 2017年12月14日 上午8:44:19
     * 
     * @version 1.0.0
     *
     */
    
    public static class Connector{
        /**
         * The maximum number of request body bytes (excluding transfer encoding overhead) that will be swallowed by Tomcat
         * for an aborted upload. An aborted upload is when Tomcat knows that the request body is going to be ignored but the client still sends it.
         * If Tomcat does not swallow the body the client is unlikely to see the response.
         * If not specified the default of 2097152 (2 megabytes) will be used.
         * A value of less than zero indicates that no limit should be enforced.
         * Here the custom value is "50MB"
         */
        @Pattern(regexp="^(\\d+)(MB)$",message="must start with number and end with MB")
        private String maxSwallowSize = "50MB";

        public String getMaxSwallowSize() {
            return maxSwallowSize;
        }

        public void setMaxSwallowSize(String maxSwallowSize) {
            this.maxSwallowSize = maxSwallowSize;
        }
        
    }
}

2、application.properties

#file-upload
#single file max size
spring.http.multipart.max-file-size=10MB
#single request max size
spring.http.multipart.max-request-size=100MB
#tomcat
#max-swallow-size: -1 or any other value lt 0, means unlimited;i suggest setting to spring.http.multipart.max-request-size
tomcat.connector.max-swallow-size=${spring.http.multipart.max-request-size}

3、WebConfig:自定义tomcat，配置tomcat的connector的maxSwallowSize

/**
 * 系统项目名称
 * com.conf
 * WebConfig.java
 * 
 * 2017年11月23日-下午5:02:35
 *  2017rejoiceFromJesus-版权所有
 *
 */
package com.config;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.TimeZone;

import org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Protocol;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatConnectorCustomizer;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.properties.TomcatProperties;

/**
 *
 * WebConfig
 * 
 * @author rejoice 948870341@qq.com
 * @date 2017年11月23日 下午5:02:35
 * 
 * @version 1.0.0
 *
 */
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(TomcatProperties.class)
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
    
    @Autowired
    private TomcatProperties tomcatProperties;
    
     @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbedded() {
            TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcat = new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

            tomcat.addConnectorCustomizers((TomcatConnectorCustomizer) connector -> {
                // connector other settings...

                // configure maxSwallowSize
                if ((connector.getProtocolHandler() instanceof AbstractHttp11Protocol<?>)) {
                    // -1 means unlimited, accept bytes
                    //conver MB to B
                    String maxSwallowSize = tomcatProperties.getConnector().getMaxSwallowSize();
                    Integer sizeB = Integer.parseInt(tomcatProperties.getConnector().getMaxSwallowSize().substring(0, maxSwallowSize.length()-2))*1024*1024;
                    ((AbstractHttp11Protocol<?>) connector.getProtocolHandler()).setMaxSwallowSize(sizeB);
                }
            });

            return tomcat;
        }

    @Bean
    public ObjectMapper mapper(){
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS);
        //mapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8:00"));
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        TimeZone timeZone = cal.getTimeZone();
        mapper.setTimeZone(timeZone);
        mapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);
        return mapper;
    }
    /*@Bean
    public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter customJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {
     MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter jsonConverter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
     jsonConverter.setObjectMapper(mapper());
     return jsonConverter; 
    }
     @Override
    public void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
         converters.clear();
        converters.add(customJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
    }*/
}

4、自定义错误信息：GlobalExceptionHandler

/**
 * 系统项目名称
 * com.common.exception
 * GloabalExceptionHandler.java
 * 
 * 2017年12月13日-下午4:11:16
 *  2017rejoiceFromJesus-版权所有
 *
 */
package com.common.exception;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase.FileSizeLimitExceededException;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase.SizeLimitExceededException;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException;

/**
 *
 * GloabalExceptionHandler
 * 
 * @author rejoice 948870341@qq.com
 * @date 2017年12月13日 下午4:11:16
 * 
 * @version 1.0.0
 *
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler { 
     
    @ResponseStatus(value=HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
     @ExceptionHandler({ MultipartException.class})
    @ResponseBody
        public Object handleMultipartException(HttpServletRequest request, Throwable ex){
            String message = "";
                MultipartException mEx = (MultipartException)ex;
                Throwable cause = ex.getCause().getCause();
                if (cause instanceof SizeLimitExceededException){
                    SizeLimitExceededException flEx = (SizeLimitExceededException) cause;
                    float permittedSize = flEx.getPermittedSize() / 1024 / 1024;
                    message = "single request max size exceeds "+permittedSize+"MB";
                } else if (cause instanceof FileSizeLimitExceededException){
                    FileSizeLimitExceededException flEx = (FileSizeLimitExceededException)mEx.getCause().getCause();
                    float permittedSize = flEx.getPermittedSize() / 1024 / 1024;
                    message = "single file max size exceeds "+permittedSize+"MB";
                }else {
                    message = "Please contact your administrator: " + ex.getMessage();
                }
                return message;
        }
}

5、实际效果：

image.png

参考文章

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31605129/spring-file-upload-with-multipart-resolver-causes-connection-reset-when-file-is
https://www.mkyong.com/spring-boot/spring-boot-configure-maxswallowsize-in-embedded-tomcat/
http://blog.csdn.net/funchs/article/details/50978576