1、ButterKnife简介
ButterKnife是Android大神JakeWharton出品的又一神器,它通过注解的方式来替代findViewById来绑定view和一系列匿名的view的事件。最常见的用法如下:
@BindView(R.id.title) TextView title;
@BindView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle;
@BindView(R.id.footer) TextView footer;
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void sayHi(Button button) {
button.setText("Hello!");
}
但是ButterKnife除了绑定view和添加事件,还能绑定Resource,有@BindBool, @BindColor, @BindDimen, @BindDrawable, @BindInt, @BindString等标签。
2、ButterKnife总体架构
以截止到2017.6.29的最新版本8.6.0源码分析。它的各个模块的依赖关系如下:
未命名文件.png-11.1kB
1、butterknife是对外提供接口的模块;
2、butterknife-compile负责编译期对注解进行解析,然后生成绑定view的java文件,以xxx_ViewBinding命名,放在对应工程/build/generated/source目录下;
3、butterknife-gradle—plugin是8.2.0之后为了支持library工程而新增的模块;
4、butterknife-annotations是专门放置注解的包,我们常使用的Bindview、BindString、OnClick等注解都在这个包里;
5、butterknife是针对butterknife-gradle—plugin提供的静态代码检查工具。
3、注解(Annotation)
阅读ButterKnife的源码,必须要对java的注解有一定的了解,比如@Override,@Deprecated等,这种注解大家一定见过。
注解的目的是将一些本来重复性的工作,变成程序自动完成,简化和自动化该过程。比如用于生成Javadoc,比如编译时进行格式检查,比如自动生成代码等,用于提升软件的质量和提高软件的生产效率。
作为Android开发,日常碰到的注解主要有来自JDK里的,也有Android SDK里的,也有自定义的。推荐阅读
ButterKnife其实就是基于自定义注解的方式实现的。
3.1 andorid-apt(Annotation Processing Tool)
android-apt 是一个Gradle插件,协助Android Studio 处理annotation processors, 它有两个目的:
1、允许配置只在编译时作为注解处理器的依赖,而不添加到最后的APK或library
2、设置源路径,使注解处理器生成的代码能被Android Studio正确的引用
使用该插件,添加如下到你的构建脚本中:
//配置在Project下的build.gradle中 buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
//替换成最新的 gradle版本
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.0'
//替换成最新android-apt版本
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
} } //配置到Module下的build.gradle中 apply plugin: 'com.android.application' apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
伴随着 Android Gradle 插件 2.2 版本的发布,,Android Gradle 插件提供了名为 annotationProcessor 的功能来完全代替 android-apt。
修改前配置如下:
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.0.1'
apt 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.0.1'
修改后配置如下:
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.6.0'
annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.6.0'
整个注解处理过程包括三部分:1、注解处理器(Processor);2、注册注解处理器(AutoService);2、代码生成器(JavaPoet).
示例:
package com.example;
import com.google.auto.service.AutoService;
import com.squareup.javapoet.JavaFile;
import com.squareup.javapoet.MethodSpec;
import com.squareup.javapoet.TypeSpec;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;
import javax.annotation.processing.Filer;
import javax.annotation.processing.Messager;
import javax.annotation.processing.ProcessingEnvironment;
import javax.annotation.processing.Processor;
import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;
import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
import javax.lang.model.element.ElementKind;
import javax.lang.model.element.Modifier;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
import javax.lang.model.util.Types;
@AutoService(Processor.class)
public class MyProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
private Types typeUtils;
private Elements elementUtils;
private Filer filer;
private Messager messager;
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
super.init(processingEnv);
//提供处理注解和生成代码的工具类
typeUtils = processingEnv.getTypeUtils();
elementUtils = processingEnv.getElementUtils();
filer = processingEnv.getFiler();
messager = processingEnv.getMessager();
}
@Override
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
//1、处理注解;
//2、生成代码。
}
@Override
public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
Set<String> annotataions = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
annotataions.add(MyAnnotation.class.getCanonicalName());
return annotataions;
}
@Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}
}
定义完注解处理器后,还需要告诉编译器该注解处理器的信息,需在 src/main/resource/META-INF/service 目录下增加 javax.annotation.processing.Processor 文件,并将注解处理器的类名配置在该文件中。
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javapoet也是square开源的生成.java文件的API。
4、ButterKnife整体流程
image.png-37.5kB4.1 ButterKnifeProcessor
ButterKnifeProcessor主要做了两件事:
1、解析所有包含了ButterKnife注解的类;
2、根据解析结果,使用JavaPoet生成对应的类。
@Override public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> elements, RoundEnvironment env) {
//解析所有包含了ButterKnife注解的类
Map<TypeElement, BindingSet> bindingMap = findAndParseTargets(env);
for (Map.Entry<TypeElement, BindingSet> entry : bindingMap.entrySet()) {
TypeElement typeElement = entry.getKey();
BindingSet binding = entry.getValue();
//根据解析结果,使用JavaPoet生成对应的类
JavaFile javaFile = binding.brewJava(sdk);
try {
javaFile.writeTo(filer);
} catch (IOException e) {
error(typeElement, "Unable to write binding for type %s: %s", typeElement, e.getMessage());
}
}
return false;
}
ButterKnife支持的所有注解在getSupportedAnnotations方法里面定义。
private Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> getSupportedAnnotations() {
Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> annotations = new LinkedHashSet<>();
annotations.add(BindArray.class);
annotations.add(BindBitmap.class);
annotations.add(BindBool.class);
annotations.add(BindColor.class);
annotations.add(BindDimen.class);
annotations.add(BindDrawable.class);
annotations.add(BindFloat.class);
annotations.add(BindInt.class);
annotations.add(BindString.class);
annotations.add(BindView.class);
annotations.add(BindViews.class);
annotations.addAll(LISTENERS);
return annotations;
}
private static final List<Class<? extends Annotation>> LISTENERS = Arrays.asList(//
OnCheckedChanged.class, //
OnClick.class, //
OnEditorAction.class, //
OnFocusChange.class, //
OnItemClick.class, //
OnItemLongClick.class, //
OnItemSelected.class, //
OnLongClick.class, //
OnPageChange.class, //
OnTextChanged.class, //
OnTouch.class //
);
4.2 @BindView、@BindString、@OnClick
下面以@BindView、@BindString、@OnClick三个比较常用的注解为例,分析下具体的绑定过程。
在findAndParseTargets方法中解析所有注解,每个类对应一个BindingSet,解析过程中会把每个注解的解析结果放到BindingSet中,比如@BindString对应FieldResourceBinding类型,@BindView对应FieldViewBinding类型,解析完成后调用BindingSet的brewJava生成对应的JavaFile,即可通过JavaPoet生成.java文件。
4.2.1@BindView:
private void parseBindView(Element element, Map<TypeElement, BindingSet.Builder> builderMap,
Set<TypeElement> erasedTargetNames) {
//1、TypeElement就是该注解Element所在的类
TypeElement enclosingElement = (TypeElement) element.getEnclosingElement();
// Start by verifying common generated code restrictions.
//2、验证生成代码时是否可见和是否在错误的包里面
boolean hasError = isInaccessibleViaGeneratedCode(BindView.class, "fields", element)
|| isBindingInWrongPackage(BindView.class, element);
// Verify that the target type extends from View.
//3、 验证目标类型是否继承自View
TypeMirror elementType = element.asType();
if (elementType.getKind() == TypeKind.TYPEVAR) {
TypeVariable typeVariable = (TypeVariable) elementType;
elementType = typeVariable.getUpperBound();
}
Name qualifiedName = enclosingElement.getQualifiedName();
Name simpleName = element.getSimpleName();
if (!isSubtypeOfType(elementType, VIEW_TYPE) && !isInterface(elementType)) {
if (elementType.getKind() == TypeKind.ERROR) {
note(element, "@%s field with unresolved type (%s) "
+ "must elsewhere be generated as a View or interface. (%s.%s)",
BindView.class.getSimpleName(), elementType, qualifiedName, simpleName);
} else {
error(element, "@%s fields must extend from View or be an interface. (%s.%s)",
BindView.class.getSimpleName(), qualifiedName, simpleName);
hasError = true;
}
}
//4、上述两步只要有错误,直接返回
if (hasError) {
return;
}
// Assemble information on the field.
//5、解析注解的value
int id = element.getAnnotation(BindView.class).value();
//6、查找所在类对应的BindingSet构造类。如果有还要判断这个view的id是否已经绑定过,如果没有则新建。
BindingSet.Builder builder = builderMap.get(enclosingElement);
QualifiedId qualifiedId = elementToQualifiedId(element, id);
if (builder != null) {
String existingBindingName = builder.findExistingBindingName(getId(qualifiedId));
if (existingBindingName != null) {
error(element, "Attempt to use @%s for an already bound ID %d on '%s'. (%s.%s)",
BindView.class.getSimpleName(), id, existingBindingName,
enclosingElement.getQualifiedName(), element.getSimpleName());
return;
}
} else {
builder = getOrCreateBindingBuilder(builderMap, enclosingElement);
}
//7、解析注解的view。比如@BindView(R.id.tv_title) TextView tvTitle,那么name就是tvTitle,type就是TextView,required只要没有@Nullable的注解就是true。
String name = simpleName.toString();
TypeName type = TypeName.get(elementType);
boolean required = isFieldRequired(element);
//8、将上述信息封装成FieldViewBinding,加到builder中。
builder.addField(getId(qualifiedId), new FieldViewBinding(name, type, required));
// Add the type-erased version to the valid binding targets set.
erasedTargetNames.add(enclosingElement);
}
4.2.2@BindString:
private void parseResourceString(Element element,
Map<TypeElement, BindingSet.Builder> builderMap, Set<TypeElement> erasedTargetNames) {
boolean hasError = false;
TypeElement enclosingElement = (TypeElement) element.getEnclosingElement();
// Verify that the target type is String.
if (!STRING_TYPE.equals(element.asType().toString())) {
error(element, "@%s field type must be 'String'. (%s.%s)",
BindString.class.getSimpleName(), enclosingElement.getQualifiedName(),
element.getSimpleName());
hasError = true;
}
// Verify common generated code restrictions.
hasError |= isInaccessibleViaGeneratedCode(BindString.class, "fields", element);
hasError |= isBindingInWrongPackage(BindString.class, element);
if (hasError) {
return;
}
// Assemble information on the field.
String name = element.getSimpleName().toString();
int id = element.getAnnotation(BindString.class).value();
QualifiedId qualifiedId = elementToQualifiedId(element, id);
BindingSet.Builder builder = getOrCreateBindingBuilder(builderMap, enclosingElement);
builder.addResource(
new FieldResourceBinding(getId(qualifiedId), name, FieldResourceBinding.Type.STRING));
erasedTargetNames.add(enclosingElement);
}
看代码,跟绑定View的过程基本一致,唯一的区别是它最后封装成了
FieldResourceBinding类,然后通过addResource加到builder中。
4.2.3@OnClick:
所有Listener的解析都在parseListenerAnnotation方法中,代码总共200多行,这里不一一分析了,下面截取关键代码做解析。
以如下注解代码为例:
package test;
import butterknife.OnClick;
public class Test {
@OnClick(1) void doStuff() {}
}
ExecutableElement executableElement = (ExecutableElement) element;//(doStuff())
TypeElement enclosingElement = (TypeElement) element.getEnclosingElement();//(test.Test)
Annotation annotation = element.getAnnotation(annotationClass);//(interface butterknife.OnClick)
Method annotationValue = annotationClass.getDeclaredMethod("value");//(public abstract int[] butterknife.OnClick.value())
int[] ids = (int[])annotationValue.invoke(annotation);//(1)
String name = executableElement.getSimpleName().toString();//(doStuff)
boolean required = isListenerRequired(executableElement);//(true)
//
上面是注解及其节点的一些基本属性。后面的值是调试过程中看到的值。
下面看下OnClick注解的定义:
@Target(METHOD)
@Retention(CLASS)
@ListenerClass(
targetType = "android.view.View",
setter = "setOnClickListener",
type = "butterknife.internal.DebouncingOnClickListener",
method = @ListenerMethod(
name = "doClick",
parameters = "android.view.View"
)
)
public @interface OnClick {
/** View IDs to which the method will be bound. */
@IdRes int[] value() default { View.NO_ID };
}
它有一个ListenerClass的注解,用来定义目标类型、设置方法、listener类型、method(listener里面只有一个回调时使用)、callbacks(listener里面有多个回调时使用)。
比如OnTextChanged里面的ListenerClass注解是这样的,它只实现OnTextChanged方法的回调:
@ListenerClass(
targetType = "android.widget.TextView",
setter = "addTextChangedListener",
remover = "removeTextChangedListener",
type = "android.text.TextWatcher",
callbacks = OnTextChanged.Callback.class
)
继续看parseListenerAnnotation方法里面的代码。
ListenerClass listener = annotationClass.getAnnotation(ListenerClass.class);
ListenerMethod method;
ListenerMethod[] methods = listener.method();
通过解析ListenerClass,获取一个method实例。然后再根据methodParameters及其其他一些逻辑生成一个参数列表。
MethodViewBinding binding = new MethodViewBinding(name, Arrays.asList(parameters), required);
builder.addMethod(getId(qualifiedId), listener, method, binding)
最后把注解listener、method和binding加入到builder中,用户后续生成代码。
4.2.4 上面大致分析了三种不同注解的解析方式,下面看下到底是如何通过BuildSet生成java类的。
4.3 生成.java文件
JavaFile javaFile = binding.brewJava(sdk);
javaFile.writeTo(filer);
ButterKnifeProcessor中process方法中上面的代码触发了生成代码的逻辑,最后写到文件中。
JavaFile brewJava(int sdk) {
return JavaFile.builder(bindingClassName.packageName(), createType(sdk))
.addFileComment("Generated code from Butter Knife. Do not modify!")
.build();
}
brewJava调用createType构造具体的类。其中最重要的代码是:
result.addMethod(createBindingConstructor(sdk));
它负责在构造方法中绑定view,生成的代码类似(源码中SimpleActivity)如下:
@UiThread
public SimpleActivity_ViewBinding(final SimpleActivity target, View source) {
this.target = target;
View view;
target.title = Utils.findRequiredViewAsType(source, R.id.title, "field 'title'", TextView.class);
target.subtitle = Utils.findRequiredViewAsType(source, R.id.subtitle, "field 'subtitle'", TextView.class);
view = Utils.findRequiredView(source, R.id.hello, "field 'hello', method 'sayHello', and method 'sayGetOffMe'");
target.hello = Utils.castView(view, R.id.hello, "field 'hello'", Button.class);
view2130968578 = view;
view.setOnClickListener(new DebouncingOnClickListener() {
@Override
public void doClick(View p0) {
target.sayHello();
}
});
view.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onLongClick(View p0) {
return target.sayGetOffMe();
}
});
view = Utils.findRequiredView(source, R.id.list_of_things, "field 'listOfThings' and method 'onItemClick'");
target.listOfThings = Utils.castView(view, R.id.list_of_things, "field 'listOfThings'", ListView.class);
view2130968579 = view;
((AdapterView<?>) view).setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> p0, View p1, int p2, long p3) {
target.onItemClick(p2);
}
});
target.footer = Utils.findRequiredViewAsType(source, R.id.footer, "field 'footer'", TextView.class);
target.headerViews = Utils.listOf(
Utils.findRequiredView(source, R.id.title, "field 'headerViews'"),
Utils.findRequiredView(source, R.id.subtitle, "field 'headerViews'"),
Utils.findRequiredView(source, R.id.hello, "field 'headerViews'"));
}
下面结合createBindingConstructor方法做具体分析,直接在代码中进行注释说明。
private MethodSpec createBindingConstructor(int sdk) {
========
MethodSpec.Builder constructor = MethodSpec.constructorBuilder()
.addAnnotation(UI_THREAD)
.addModifiers(PUBLIC);
========1、上面代码在方法SimpleActivity_ViewBinding增加UI_THREAD注解和public修饰符。
if (hasMethodBindings()) {
constructor.addParameter(targetTypeName, "target", FINAL);
} else {
constructor.addParameter(targetTypeName, "target");
}
========2、上面代码增加参数final SimpleActivity target
if (constructorNeedsView()) {
constructor.addParameter(VIEW, "source");
} else {
constructor.addParameter(CONTEXT, "context");
}
========3、上面代码增加参数View source
if (hasUnqualifiedResourceBindings()) {
// Aapt can change IDs out from underneath us, just suppress since all will work at runtime.
constructor.addAnnotation(AnnotationSpec.builder(SuppressWarnings.class)
.addMember("value", "$S", "ResourceType")
.build());
}
if (hasOnTouchMethodBindings()) {
constructor.addAnnotation(AnnotationSpec.builder(SUPPRESS_LINT)
.addMember("value", "$S", "ClickableViewAccessibility")
.build());
}
===========
if (parentBinding != null) {
if (parentBinding.constructorNeedsView()) {
constructor.addStatement("super(target, source)");
} else if (constructorNeedsView()) {
constructor.addStatement("super(target, source.getContext())");
} else {
constructor.addStatement("super(target, context)");
}
constructor.addCode("\n");
}
========上面代码是判断有继承的情况
if (hasTargetField()) {
constructor.addStatement("this.target = target");
constructor.addCode("\n");
}
========上面代码增加this.target = target;
if (hasViewBindings()) {
if (hasViewLocal()) {
// Local variable in which all views will be temporarily stored.
constructor.addStatement("$T view", VIEW);
}
for (ViewBinding binding : viewBindings) {
addViewBinding(constructor, binding);
}
for (FieldCollectionViewBinding binding : collectionBindings) {
constructor.addStatement("$L", binding.render());
}
if (!resourceBindings.isEmpty()) {
constructor.addCode("\n");
}
}
========上面代码实现view的绑定,具体代码在addViewBinding,它会根据不同的情况生成不同的代码;
if (!resourceBindings.isEmpty()) {
if (constructorNeedsView()) {
constructor.addStatement("$T context = source.getContext()", CONTEXT);
}
if (hasResourceBindingsNeedingResource(sdk)) {
constructor.addStatement("$T res = context.getResources()", RESOURCES);
}
for (ResourceBinding binding : resourceBindings) {
constructor.addStatement("$L", binding.render(sdk));
}
}
========上面代码实现resource的绑定;
return constructor.build();
}
addViewBinding方法里面的大致步骤是先findView,然后调用addFieldBinding(result, binding)和addMethodBindings(result, binding)实现view的绑定和listener的设置。
5 运行期间
运行期间,ButterKnife.bind(this)通过反射去获取对应的xxx__ViewBinding类的实例,在该类的构造方法中,完成view或者resource的查找和绑定,以及listener的设置。
public static Unbinder bind(@NonNull Activity target) {
View sourceView = target.getWindow().getDecorView();
return createBinding(target, sourceView);
}
private static Unbinder createBinding(@NonNull Object target, @NonNull View source) {
Class<?> targetClass = target.getClass();
if (debug) Log.d(TAG, "Looking up binding for " + targetClass.getName());
Constructor<? extends Unbinder> constructor = findBindingConstructorForClass(targetClass);
if (constructor == null) {
return Unbinder.EMPTY;
}
//noinspection TryWithIdenticalCatches Resolves to API 19+ only type.
try {
return constructor.newInstance(target, source);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to invoke " + constructor, e);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to invoke " + constructor, e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
}
if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to create binding instance.", cause);
}
}
参考链接:
1、https://github.com/ShowJoy-com/showjoy-blog/issues/30?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io
2、http://www.jianshu.com/p/b8b59fb80554
3、http://blog.csdn.net/crazy1235/article/details/51876192
4、http://blog.csdn.net/asce1885/article/details/52878076
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