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springboot jwt redis实现token刷新

springboot jwt redis实现token刷新

作者: JonathanYee | 来源:发表于2020-08-20 21:41 被阅读0次

    使用jwt的好处就是,服务器不需要维护,存储token的状态。服务器只需要验证Token是否合法就行。确实省了不少事儿。但是弊端也显而易见,就是服务器没法主动让一个Token失效,并且给Token指定了exp过期时间后,不能修改。

    配合redis,就可以轻松的解决上面两个问题

    • token的续约
    • 服务器主动失效指定的token

    接下来,我会演示一个实现Demo

    初始化一个工程

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- redis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jwt -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
            <artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
            <version>3.10.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <executable>true</executable>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    

    核心的配置

    spring:
      redis:
        database: 0
        host: 127.0.0.1
        port: 6379
        timeout: 2000
        lettuce:
          pool:
            max-active: 8
            max-wait: -1
            max-idle: 8
            min-idle: 0
    
    jwt:
      key: "springboot"
    

    redis的配置,大家都熟。jwt.key是自定义的一个配置项,它配置的就是jwt用来签名的key

    Token在Redis中的存储方式

    需要在Redis中缓存用户的Token,通过自定义一个对象用来描述相关信息。并且这里使用jdk的序列化方式。而不是json

    创建Token的描述对象:UserToken

    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.time.LocalDateTime;
    
    public class UserToken implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 8798594496773855969L;
        // token id
        private String id;
        // 用户id
        private Integer userId;
        // ip
        private String ip;
        // 客户端
        private String userAgent;
        // 授权时间
        private LocalDateTime issuedAt;
        // 过期时间
        private LocalDateTime expiresAt;
        // 是否记住我
        private boolean remember;
        // 忽略getter/setter
    }
    

    创建:ObjectRedisTemplate

    import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
    
    public class ObjectRedisTemplate extends RedisTemplate<String, Object> {
        
        public ObjectRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
            
            this.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
            
            this.setKeySerializer(StringRedisSerializer.UTF_8);
            this.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
        }
    }
    

    需要配置到IOC

    import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
    
    public class ObjectRedisTemplate extends RedisTemplate<String, Object> {
        
        public ObjectRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
            this.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
            // key 使用字符串
            this.setKeySerializer(StringRedisSerializer.UTF_8);
            // value 使用jdk的序列化方式
            this.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
        }
    }
    

    这里不会涉及太多Redis相关的东西,如果不熟悉,那么你只需要记住ObjectRedisTemplatevalue就是存储的Java对象。

    登录的实现逻辑

    import java.time.Duration;
    import java.time.LocalDateTime;
    import java.time.ZoneId;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.UUID;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
    import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
    
    import io.springboot.jwt.domain.User;
    import io.springboot.jwt.redis.ObjectRedisTemplate;
    import io.springboot.jwt.web.support.UserToken;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public class LoginController {
        
        @Autowired
        private ObjectRedisTemplate objectRedisTemplate;
        
        @Value("${jwt.key}")
        private String jwtKey;      // 从配置中读取到 jwt 的key
    
        @PostMapping
        public Object login(HttpServletRequest request,
                            HttpServletResponse response,
                            @RequestParam("account") String account,
                            @RequestParam("password") String password,
                            @RequestParam(value = "remember", required = false) boolean remember) {
    
            /**
             *忽略验证逻辑,假设用户已经是登录成功的状态,并且他的ID是1 
             */
            User user = new User(); 
            user.setId(1);
            
            /**
             * 登录信息
             */
            String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();                            // 客户端ip(如果是反向代理,要根据情况获取实际的ip)
            String userAgent = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT);   // UserAgent
            
            // 登录时间
            LocalDateTime issuedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
            
            
            // 过期时间,如果是“记住我”,则Token有效期是7天,反之则是半个小时
            LocalDateTime expiresAt = issuedAt.plusSeconds(remember 
                                        ? TimeUnit.DAYS.toSeconds(7)
                                        : TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(30));
            
            // 距离过期时间剩余的秒数
            int expiresSeconds = (int) Duration.between(issuedAt, expiresAt).getSeconds();
            
            /**
             * 存储Session
             */
            UserToken userToken = new UserToken();
            // 随机生成uuid,作为token的id
            userToken.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""));
            userToken.setUserId(user.getId());
            userToken.setIssuedAt(issuedAt);
            userToken.setExpiresAt(expiresAt);
            userToken.setRemember(remember);
            userToken.setUserAgent(userAgent);
            userToken.setIp(ip);
            
            // 序列化Token对象到Redis
            this.objectRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("token:" + user.getId(), userToken, expiresSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            
            /**
             * 生成Token信息
             */
            Map<String, Object> jwtHeader = new HashMap <>();
            jwtHeader.put("alg", "alg");
            jwtHeader.put("JWT", "JWT");
            String token = JWT.create()
                    .withHeader(jwtHeader)
                    // 把用户的id写入到token
                    .withClaim("id", user.getId())
                    .withIssuedAt(new Date(issuedAt.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant().toEpochMilli()))
                    /**
                     * 这里不在Token上设置过期时间,过期时间由Redis维护
                     */
                    // .withExpiresAt(new Date(expiresAt.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant().toEpochMilli()))
                    // 使用生成的tokenId作为jwt的id
                    .withJWTId(userToken.getId())
                    .sign(Algorithm.HMAC256(this.jwtKey));
    
            /**
             * 把Token以Cookie的形式响应客户端
             */
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("_token", token);
            cookie.setSecure(request.isSecure());
            cookie.setHttpOnly(true);
            // 非记住我的状态情况,cookie生命周期设置为-1,浏览器关闭后就立即删除
            cookie.setMaxAge(remember ? expiresSeconds : -1);
            cookie.setPath("/");
            response.addCookie(cookie);
            
            return Collections.singletonMap("success", true);
        }
    }
    

    允许同一个用户在多出登录

    上述代码中,存储Token,使用的是用户的id作为key,那么任何时候,用户只能有一个合法的Token。但是有些场景又是允许用户同时有多个Token,此时可以在redis的key中,添加token的id。

    this.objectRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("token:" + user.getId() + ":" + userToken.getId(), userToken, expiresSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    

    如果需要检索出用户的所有Token,可以使用Redis的sacnner,进行扫描。

    token:{userId}:*
    

    在拦截器中的验证逻辑

    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter;
    import org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils;
    
    import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
    import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
    import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTVerificationException;
    import com.auth0.jwt.interfaces.DecodedJWT;
    
    import io.springboot.jwt.redis.ObjectRedisTemplate;
    import io.springboot.jwt.web.support.UserToken;
    
    public class TokenValidateInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
    
        private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TokenValidateInterceptor.class);
    
        @Autowired
        private ObjectRedisTemplate objectRedisTemplate;
    
        @Value("${jwt.key}")
        private String jwtKey;
    
        @Override
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    
            // 解析 cookie
            Cookie cookie = WebUtils.getCookie(request, "_token");
    
            if (cookie != null) {
    
                DecodedJWT decodedJWT = null;
    
                Integer userId = null;
    
                try {
                    decodedJWT = JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(this.jwtKey)).build().verify(cookie.getValue());
                    userId = decodedJWT.getClaim("id").asInt();
                } catch (JWTVerificationException e) {
                    LOGGER.warn("解析Token异常:{},token={}", e.getMessage(), cookie.getValue());
                }
    
                if (userId != null) {
    
                    String tokenKey = "token:" + userId;
    
                    UserToken userToken = (UserToken) objectRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(tokenKey);
    
                    if (userToken != null && userToken.getId().equals(decodedJWT.getId()) && userId.equals(userToken.getUserId())) {
    
                        /**
                         * 此时Token是合法的Token,需要进行续约操作
                         */
                        this.objectRedisTemplate.expire(tokenKey, userToken.getRemember() 
                                ? TimeUnit.DAYS.toSeconds(7) 
                                : TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(30),
                                    TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
                        //TODO 把当前用户的身份信息,存储到当前请求的上下文,以便在Controller中获取 (例如存储到:ThreadLocal)
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            /**
             * 校验失败。Token不存在/非法的Token/Token已过期
             */
            
            // TODO 抛出未登录异常,在全局处理器中响应客户端(也可以直接在这里通过Response响应)
            return false;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
            // TODO,需要记得清理存储到当前请求的上下文中的用户身份信息
        }
    }
    

    很简单的逻辑,通过Cookie读取到token,尝试从Redis中读取到缓存的数据。进行校验,如果校验成功。则刷新Token的过期时间,完成续约。

    管理Token

    就很简单了,只需要根据用户的id,就可以进行删除/续约操作。服务器可以主动的取消某个Token的授权。
    如果需要获取到全部的Token,那么可以借助sacn,通过指定的前缀进行扫描。

    配合Redis过期key通知事件,还可以在程序中监听到哪些Token过期了。


    原文:https://springboot.io/t/topic/2345

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