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Android事件分发

Android事件分发

作者: 编程的猫 | 来源:发表于2020-03-09 13:18 被阅读0次
    事件分发的对象是点击事件(touch事件)

    当用户触摸手机屏幕的时候就会产生点击事件(Touch事件),touch事件将会倍封装到MotionEvent对象中,其中包含了触摸点的坐标,时间等信息

    事件类型
    事件类型

    一般情况下,事件列都是以DOWN事件开始、UP事件结束,中间有无数的MOVE事件,当一个点击事件(MotionEvent )产生后,系统需把这个事件传递给一个具体的 View 去处理,如下图:


    touch事件

    事件会在Activity、ViewGroup、View间依次传递

    image.png

    从上图可以看出,事件最先是经过Activity,再到ViewGroup
    ,然后到View

    事件分分发主要涉及到以下方法:
    dispatchTouchEvent() 、onInterceptTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()

    img.jpg

    ViewGroup中涉及dispatchTouchEvent(),onInterceptTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()方法
    View涉及dispatchTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()方法

    Activity的分析:

    以下我描述下android事件分发的过程:
    1.在Activity中重写dispatchTouchEvent()方法:

     @Override
        public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    
            return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
        }
    

    可以看到,方法内是调用了父类的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,我们点击进入其父类的方法

     public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
            if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                onUserInteraction();
            }
            if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
                return true;
            }
            return onTouchEvent(ev);
        }
    

    可以看到其内部主要涉及到三个方法:

    • onUserInteraction()这个方法主要是实现屏保功能,此处不予探究
    • getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent()方法是调用了PhoneWindow的superDispatchTouchEvent()方法:
     @Override
        public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
        }
    

    这是DecordView中的superDispatchTouchEvent方法:

        public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        }
    

    而superDispatchTouchEvent()方法内又是调用了mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event),而DecorView又是调用了父类的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,其父类是FrameLayout又继承自ViewGroup,由此Touch事件进入到了ViewGroup,调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,至此进入到了ViewGroup中,ViewGroup的事件分发会在后面讨论:

    • activity的dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)内部的第三个方法:onTouchEvent(ev),进入这个方法:
      public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            if (mWindow.shouldCloseOnTouch(this, event)) {
                finish();
                return true;
            }
    
            return false;
        }
    

    其实activity的onTouchEvent方法被调用的情况,一般是下发的事件没有任何view来接收。我们可以看到onTouchEvent方法内调用了shouldCloseOnTouch(),源码如下:

       public boolean shouldCloseOnTouch(Context context, MotionEvent event) {
        // 主要是对于处理边界外点击事件的判断:是否是DOWN事件,event的坐标是否在边界内等
        if (mCloseOnTouchOutside && event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                && isOutOfBounds(context, event) && peekDecorView() != null) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
        // 返回true:说明事件在边界外,即 消费事件
        // 返回false:未消费(默认)
    }
    

    这里主要判断事件是否位于window的边界外,如果是在边界外,则返回true,消费事件;否则,返回false,不做处理。

    至此,activity内的分发事件分析完毕
    ViewGroup的分析

    在activity中我们说到,事件分发会有activity调用dispatchTouchEvent方法执行decorView的superDispatchTouchEvent方法进入到ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法中,那么我们接下来看看在ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法中事件是如何分发的:

    • dispatchTouchEvent方法的源码如下(android5.0):
     public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { 
    
        ... // 仅贴出关键代码
    
            // 重点分析1:ViewGroup每次事件分发时,都需调用onInterceptTouchEvent()询问是否拦截事件
                if (disallowIntercept || !onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {  
    
                // 判断值1:disallowIntercept = 是否禁用事件拦截的功能(默认是false),可通过调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()修改
                // 判断值2: !onInterceptTouchEvent(ev) = 对onInterceptTouchEvent()返回值取反
                        // a. 若在onInterceptTouchEvent()中返回false(即不拦截事件),就会让第二个值为true,从而进入到条件判断的内部
                        // b. 若在onInterceptTouchEvent()中返回true(即拦截事件),就会让第二个值为false,从而跳出了这个条件判断
                        // c. 关于onInterceptTouchEvent() ->>分析1
    
                    ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN);  
                    final int scrolledXInt = (int) scrolledXFloat;  
                    final int scrolledYInt = (int) scrolledYFloat;  
                    final View[] children = mChildren;  
                    final int count = mChildrenCount;  
    
            // 重点分析2
                // 通过for循环,遍历了当前ViewGroup下的所有子View
                for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {  
                    final View child = children[i];  
                    if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE  
                            || child.getAnimation() != null) {  
                        child.getHitRect(frame);  
    
                        // 判断当前遍历的View是不是正在点击的View,从而找到当前被点击的View
                        // 若是,则进入条件判断内部
                        if (frame.contains(scrolledXInt, scrolledYInt)) {  
                            final float xc = scrolledXFloat - child.mLeft;  
                            final float yc = scrolledYFloat - child.mTop;  
                            ev.setLocation(xc, yc);  
                            child.mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;  
    
                            // 条件判断的内部调用了该View的dispatchTouchEvent()
                            // 即 实现了点击事件从ViewGroup到子View的传递(具体请看下面的View事件分发机制)
                            if (child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev))  { 
    
                            mMotionTarget = child;  
                            return true; 
                            // 调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent后是有返回值的
                            // 若该控件可点击,那么点击时,dispatchTouchEvent的返回值必定是true,因此会导致条件判断成立
                            // 于是给ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()直接返回了true,即直接跳出
                            // 即把ViewGroup的点击事件拦截掉
    
                                    }  
                                }  
                            }  
                        }  
                    }  
                }  
                boolean isUpOrCancel = (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) ||  
                        (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);  
                if (isUpOrCancel) {  
                    mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;  
                }  
                final View target = mMotionTarget;  
    
            // 重点分析3
            // 若点击的是空白处(即无任何View接收事件) / 拦截事件(手动复写onInterceptTouchEvent(),从而让其返回true)
            if (target == null) {  
                ev.setLocation(xf, yf);  
                if ((mPrivateFlags & CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT) != 0) {  
                    ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);  
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;  
                }  
                
                return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
                // 调用ViewGroup父类的dispatchTouchEvent(),即View.dispatchTouchEvent()
                // 因此会执行ViewGroup的onTouch() ->> onTouchEvent() ->> performClick() ->> onClick(),即自己处理该事件,事件不会往下传递(具体请参考View事件的分发机制中的View.dispatchTouchEvent())
                // 此处需与上面区别:子View的dispatchTouchEvent()
            } 
    
            ... 
    
    }
    /**
      * 分析1:ViewGroup.onInterceptTouchEvent()
      * 作用:是否拦截事件
      * 说明:
      *     a. 返回true = 拦截,即事件停止往下传递(需手动设置,即复写onInterceptTouchEvent(),从而让其返回true)
      *     b. 返回false = 不拦截(默认)
      */
      public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {  
        
        return false;
    
      } 
    

    可以看到,进入dispatchTouchEvent方法就调用了onInterceptTouchEvent方法判断是否拦截事件(默认返回false,不拦截),事件是否意外中断(cancle),默认不拦截(如果要拦截,要手动重写onInterceptTouchEvent方法,通常在自定义控件时我们会这么做),继续向下下发;如果拦截,则会调用ViewGroup父类View的dispatchTouchEvent,内部会判断状态,最终会执行performClick()方法,其内部又会执行onClick()方法。
    那么事件是如何确定目标View的呢?接着看源码:
    可以看到,代码中倒序遍历了该ViewGroup下的View数组,并通过frame.contains()方法来判断触摸点位置坐标是否存在有该ViewGroup内的View,如果存在,则会调用child.dispatchTouchEvent()方法,进入View的内部进行事件的分发处理;如果不存在,则返回false,则会回到activity的onTouchEvent()方法,由activity去处理事件。

    至此,ViewGroup的分发流程分析 完成

    android5.0以后的ViewGroup中的diapatchTouchEvent方法源码比5.0的复杂很多,增加了很多状态判断以及封装,但是主体流程是一样的。Android9.0中,ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法将ViewGroup拦截事件后的处理封装在这个方法里:

    ···
    //ViewGroup拦截事件,处理流程从这里进入
     if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                    target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                                handled = true;
                            }
    ···
    

    dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法源码:

     /**
         * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
         * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
         * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
         */
        private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
                View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
            final boolean handled;
    
            // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
            // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
            final int oldAction = event.getAction();
            if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
                event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
                if (child == null) {
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                }
                event.setAction(oldAction);
                return handled;
            }
    
            // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
            final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
            final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;
    
            // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
            // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
            if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
                return false;
            }
    
            // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
            // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
            // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
            // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
            final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
            if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
                if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                    if (child == null) {
                        handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                    } else {
                        final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                        final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                        event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
    
                        handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    
                        event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                    }
                    return handled;
                }
                transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
            } else {
                transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
            }
    
            // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
            } else {
                final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
                if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                    transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
                }
    
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
            }
    
            // Done.
            transformedEvent.recycle();
            return handled;
        }
    

    而ViewGroup dispatchTouchEvent()方法中往下分发进入View的部分封装在这个方法:

    ···
     resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                                if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                    // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                    mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                    if (preorderedList != null) {
                                        // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                        for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                            if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                                mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                                break;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
    ···
    

    dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法的源码:

       /**
         * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
         * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
         * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
         */
        private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
                View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
            final boolean handled;
    
            // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
            // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
            final int oldAction = event.getAction();
            if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
                event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
                if (child == null) {
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                }
                event.setAction(oldAction);
                return handled;
            }
    
            // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
            final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
            final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;
    
            // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
            // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
            if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
                return false;
            }
    
            // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
            // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
            // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
            // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
            final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
            if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
                if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                    if (child == null) {
                        handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                    } else {
                        final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                        final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                        event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
    
                        handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    
                        event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                    }
                    return handled;
                }
                transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
            } else {
                transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
            }
    
            // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
            } else {
                final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
                if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                    transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
                }
    
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
            }
    
            // Done.
            transformedEvent.recycle();
            return handled;
        }
    
    View内部的分析

    从ViewGroup里边获知,View的事件分发是从dispatchTouchEvent()方法开始的:
    源码如下(Android5.0):

    /**
      * 源码分析:View.dispatchTouchEvent()
      */
      public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {  
    
            if (mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED &&  
                    mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {  
                return true;  
            } 
            return onTouchEvent(event);  
      }
      // 说明:只有以下3个条件都为真,dispatchTouchEvent()才返回true;否则执行onTouchEvent()
      //     1. mOnTouchListener != null
      //     2. (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
      //     3. mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)
      // 下面对这3个条件逐个分析
    
    
    /**
      * 条件1:mOnTouchListener != null
      * 说明:mOnTouchListener变量在View.setOnTouchListener()方法里赋值
      */
      public void setOnTouchListener(OnTouchListener l) { 
    
        mOnTouchListener = l;  
        // 即只要我们给控件注册了Touch事件,mOnTouchListener就一定被赋值(不为空)
            
    } 
    
    /**
      * 条件2:(mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
      * 说明:
      *     a. 该条件是判断当前点击的控件是否enable
      *     b. 由于很多View默认enable,故该条件恒定为true
      */
    
    /**
      * 条件3:mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)
      * 说明:即 回调控件注册Touch事件时的onTouch();需手动复写设置,具体如下(以按钮Button为例)
      */
        button.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {  
            @Override  
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {  
         
                return false;  
            }  
        });
        // 若在onTouch()返回true,就会让上述三个条件全部成立,从而使得View.dispatchTouchEvent()直接返回true,事件分发结束
        // 若在onTouch()返回false,就会使得上述三个条件不全部成立,从而使得View.dispatchTouchEvent()中跳出If,执行onTouchEvent(event)
    

    onTouchEvent(event)的源码分析

    /**
      * 源码分析:View.onTouchEvent()
      */
      public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {  
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;  
    
        if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {  
             
            return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||  
                    (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE));  
        }  
        if (mTouchDelegate != null) {  
            if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {  
                return true;  
            }  
        }  
    
        // 若该控件可点击,则进入switch判断中
        if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||  
                (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)) {  
    
                    switch (event.getAction()) { 
    
                        // a. 若当前的事件 = 抬起View(主要分析)
                        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:  
                            boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PREPRESSED) != 0;  
    
                                ...// 经过种种判断,此处省略
    
                                // 执行performClick() ->>分析1
                                performClick();  
                                break;  
    
                        // b. 若当前的事件 = 按下View
                        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:  
                            if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {  
                                mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();  
                            }  
                            mPrivateFlags |= PREPRESSED;  
                            mHasPerformedLongPress = false;  
                            postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());  
                            break;  
    
                        // c. 若当前的事件 = 结束事件(非人为原因)
                        case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:  
                            mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;  
                            refreshDrawableState();  
                            removeTapCallback();  
                            break;
    
                        // d. 若当前的事件 = 滑动View
                        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:  
                            final int x = (int) event.getX();  
                            final int y = (int) event.getY();  
            
                            int slop = mTouchSlop;  
                            if ((x < 0 - slop) || (x >= getWidth() + slop) ||  
                                    (y < 0 - slop) || (y >= getHeight() + slop)) {  
                                // Outside button  
                                removeTapCallback();  
                                if ((mPrivateFlags & PRESSED) != 0) {  
                                    // Remove any future long press/tap checks  
                                    removeLongPressCallback();  
                                    // Need to switch from pressed to not pressed  
                                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;  
                                    refreshDrawableState();  
                                }  
                            }  
                            break;  
                    }  
                    // 若该控件可点击,就一定返回true
                    return true;  
                }  
                 // 若该控件不可点击,就一定返回false
                return false;  
            }
    
    /**
      * 分析1:performClick()
      */  
        public boolean performClick() {  
    
            if (mOnClickListener != null) {  
                playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);  
                mOnClickListener.onClick(this);  
                return true;  
                // 只要我们通过setOnClickListener()为控件View注册1个点击事件
                // 那么就会给mOnClickListener变量赋值(即不为空)
                // 则会往下回调onClick() & performClick()返回true
            }  
            return false;  
        }  
    

    进入dispatchTouchEvent()方法后,会判断mOnTouchListener != null,是否可点击,以及是否注册了touch事件的onTouch()方法,如果这三个条件都成立,则返回true,事件分发结束。
    否则,将执行onTouchEvent(event)方法,则会判断相应的事件状态和View的状态。如果事件不意外中断,则最后的事件状态一定是MotionEvent.ACTION_UP,进而会执行performClick()方法,在performClick()方法里边会执行onClick()方法。

     public boolean performClick() {
            // We still need to call this method to handle the cases where performClick() was called
            // externally, instead of through performClickInternal()
            notifyAutofillManagerOnClick();
    
            final boolean result;
            final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
                playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
                li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
                result = true;
            } else {
                result = false;
            }
    
            sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
    
            notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
    
            return result;
        }
    

    至此,View的事件分发分析完毕!

    总结一下流程:事件分发从Activity开始,调用DecorView的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,从而进入ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,在ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法中会判断是否拦截,如果拦截,则会调用ViewGroup父类View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,在View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法中会判断mOnTouchListener是否为null,view是否可点击,mOnTouchListener.onTouch()方法是否重写,如果条件成立则返回true分发事件到此结束,否则执行onTouchEvent(event)方法,这个方法中会判断的MotionEvent的状态,正常情况下MotionEvent的最后一个状态时Action_Up,此时会触发performClick()方法,在performClick()方法中会执行onClick()并返回true事件分发到此结束。从Activity开始下发,还有种情况是当ViewGroup和View都不接收touch事件,就会返回false到activity,此时会执行activity的onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)方法,在activity的onTouchEvent()方法中会调用shouldCloseTouch()方法,而在shouldCloseTouch()方法中又会调用isOutOfBounds()方法判断touch事件是否在边界外,如果在边界外则消费事件并返回true,否则返回false。
    这就是Android的事件分发流程,至此分析结束!当然,要实现自己的自定义控件需要在实践中更深一步的理解(结合实例)。

    参考博文并推荐:(感谢各位同仁的互联网分享精神)
    通俗易懂的博文
    https://www.cnblogs.com/fuly550871915/p/4983682.html
    全面细致的博文
    https://www.jianshu.com/p/38015afcdb58

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