只有穷国，才全民创业

Only in poor countries do people start businesses

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狐狸先森几点钟 What time does the fox start

2022-02-22 14:53 The 2022-02-22 14:53

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01

之前的文章《浙江任性发钱抢人，跪求家乡同款》提到了，如果大学生去浙江打工，我非常支持，毕竟这钱不拿白不拿。

但如果是奔创业去，我劝你还是冷静冷静。

创业不易，尤其是大学生，这就跟赌博差不多。

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这倒不是说大学生应该当一辈子打工人，但创业的失败率实在太高，你现在看到的成功企业家，那都是刀山火海闯过来的，可不是随便成功的。

搏一搏单车可能变摩托，但更大概率是只剩车轱辘。

即便失败资金有人给你兜底，可浪费的青春谁又给你兜底？

还有，你真以为贷款创业的钱那么轻易地就不用还了？

And do you really think the money you borrowed to start a business is so easy to pay back?

浙江是有钱，但浙江不傻啊。

代偿，并不意味着债务消失，只是从欠银行的钱变成欠政府而已，政府是会通过一系列手段拿回来的，而且还要上征信，上面写着你有一笔贷款没还。

Zhejiang is rich, but zhejiang is not stupid. Repayment, it doesn't mean that the debt disappears, it just goes from the money owed to the bank to the money owed to the government, and the government will get it back through a series of means, but also on the credit bureau, it says that you have a loan not paid.

哪怕这笔钱真收不回来，也不要紧。

It doesn't matter if you don't get the money back.

这几十万也是被花出去了，只要在社会流动了，就会产生数倍的经济效益，间接增加了税收，政府并不亏。

至于有人想法子骗政府的钱，这是想多了。

现在大数据系统恐怖得很，任何金钱流动都有痕迹，不然你以为那些主播、明星补税是怎么来的？

These hundreds of thousands are also spent out, as long as the social flow, it will produce several times the economic benefits, indirectly increase the tax revenue, the government does not lose. As for anyone trying to cheat the government out of its money, that is overthinking. Now the big data system is very scary, any money flow has traces, otherwise you think those anchors, stars pay taxes how to come?

其实，“创业失败，政府代偿”这个政策，早在2015年就有了。

As a matter of fact, the policy of "government compensation for entrepreneurial failure" was introduced as early as 2015.

政府代偿的金额并不多，这是因为，真正申请通过的人不多。

The amount of government compensation is not very large, because not many people actually apply.

有本事创业的人，不缺这几十万，风投资金多得很，就看你有没有这本事拿。 People who have the ability to start a business, there is no shortage of this hundreds of thousands of venture capital funds, depending on whether you have this ability to take.

缺这几十万的，根本没创业的能力，自然申请不到这笔钱。 Lack this hundreds of thousands of, do not have entrepreneurial ability at all, nature applies for less than this money.

02

“大众创业、万众创新”，相信大家不陌生，出自2014年9月夏季达沃斯论坛上李总理的讲话，李表示，要在960万平方公里土地上掀起“大众创业”、“草根创业”的新浪潮，形成“万众创新”、“人人创新”的新势态。

The phrase "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is familiar to all of you. At the Summer Davos Forum in September 2014, Premier Li Keqiang said that a new wave of mass entrepreneurship and grassroots entrepreneurship should be launched on the land of 9.6 million square kilometers, and a new trend of mass innovation and innovation for all should be formed.

在我们印象里，好像一个国家创业的人越多，经济就越发达。 It seems to us that the more people start businesses in a country, the more developed its economy will be.

但现实，可能正好相反。 In reality, the opposite may be true.

穷国之所以穷，是因为缺乏创业精神吗？穷人之所以穷，是因为缺乏创业机会吗？

Are poor countries poor because they lack entrepreneurship? Are poor people poor because they lack entrepreneurial opportunities?

给穷人一笔创业启动资金，就可以改变他们的命运吗？

Can a poor person's life be changed by giving them start-up money?

到底是钱的问题，还是人的问题，还是社会环境的问题？

Is it a problem of money, people or social environment?

如果你要是去过很多地方旅游，穷国、富国都去过，应该能看到，实际上，更有创业精神的，恰恰是穷国人而不是富国人。 If you've been to a lot of places, both rich and poor, you'll see that, in fact, it's poor people who are more entrepreneurial than rich people.

穷国的大街上，遍布各种小商贩、小生意，叫卖各种稀奇古怪的东西。各种各样的服务，都有人抢着去干。 The streets of poor countries are full of small traders and businesses selling all kinds of strange things. All kinds of services, people are competing to do.

没出过国也不要紧，看看国内的情况就知道了，是不是西部地区特别多小摊小贩，沿海发达城市则明显少很多，这可不是发达城市的城管比较厉害的原因。

Did not go out a country also unimportant, see the circumstance of home to know, be western area especially much stall hawker, coastal developed city is much less obviously, this is not the reason that the city management of developed city is more fierce.

柬埔寨小男孩为了卖纪念品，学会15种语言，你说穷人不努力？

Cambodian boy learns 15 languages to sell souvenirs. Poor people don't work hard?

而富国呢？那就简单乏味得多了。在富国，大多数人都是上班族，老老实实地给老板打工。创业这事，困难、辛苦、且风险巨大，大多数人不愿意受这个累。 What about rich countries? That would be much more simple and boring. In rich countries, most people are salarymen, working honestly for their bosses. Starting a business is difficult, laborious, and risky, and most people don't want to suffer from it.

踏踏实实地按月领工资，不好吗？这就是富国的现实。 Get your salary by the month, isn't it? This is the reality of the rich world.

实证数据也证明了这一点。在穷国，很多人都是农民，农民本身就是小经营者，需要独自打理从生产到运输到储存到销售的全部环节。所以一个农民实际上就是个小企业家。

This is also borne out by empirical data. In poor countries, many people are farmers, and farmers themselves are small operators who have to handle everything from production to transport to storage to sales. So a farmer is actually a small entrepreneur.

即使不把农民算在内，只计算非农业劳动人口，在大多数发展中国家，30%-50%的人属于个体劳动者，也就是创业者。

Even if you do not count farmers but only non-agricultural workers, in most developing countries 30-50% of the population is self-employed, that is, entrepreneurs.

而且，越穷，这个比例越高。加纳是67%，孟加拉是75%，贝宁甚至高达88%。 And the poorer they are, the higher the percentage. It is 67% in Ghana, 75% in Bangladesh and 88% in Benin.

一个将近9成人都创业的国家，总不能说还缺乏创业精神吧。 In a country where nearly 90 percent of people start businesses, it is hard to say that there is a lack of entrepreneurial spirit.

像柬埔寨这样的穷国，景区都会遍布卖纪念品的小孩，真正是全民创业啊

In a poor country like Cambodia, the scenic spots are full of kids selling souvenirs. It's really a national enterprise

再看发达国家的数据。美国人据说很爱创业，但美国的非农业劳动人口中，个体经营者只有7.5%，法国是8.6%，挪威最低，只有6.7%；发达国家这个比例平均是12.8%。

Look at the figures for the developed world. Americans are said to be entrepreneurial, but only 7.5 percent of the non-farm labor force in the United States is self-employed, compared with 8.6 percent in France and 6.7 percent in Norway. The average in developed countries is 12.8%.

美国人的创业精神在发达国家中低于平均值。看来，美国人并不是那么爱创业，他们更爱找个公司去上班。 American entrepreneurship is below average in the developed world. Americans, it seems, are not so entrepreneurial. They prefer to find a company to work for.

也就是说，一个人如果降生在穷国，他成为自谋生路的创业者的机会，比生在富国其实要大得多。

In other words, a person born in a poor country has a much better chance of becoming a self-employed entrepreneur than one born in a rich country.

但是结果是什么呢？不管他们多么有创业精神，不畏艰难险阻的奋勇拼搏，换来的却只是贫困。

But what are the results? No matter how entrepreneurial they are, they struggle through thick and thin, only to find poverty.

你永远不知道，穷国的家庭为了生活有多努力

You never know how hard families in poor countries work to get by

03

所以在这个基本面上，你给穷人加一点小额贷款，帮他们启动一些小生意，你觉得有用么？

So on that basis, you can add a little bit of microcredit to help poor people start small businesses. Do you think that will help?

富国的人们，按部就班地上学、毕业，加入公司，在老板的指挥下循规蹈矩地工作，既不需要冒着风险去创业，也不需要独自面对种种艰难险阻，就能有多得多的收入，享受高得多的生活水平。 People in rich countries can earn much more and enjoy a much higher standard of living by going to school, graduating, joining a company and doing what bosses tell them to do, without having to take risks to start a business or face hardships alone.

而全民创业的穷国的人们，哪怕用上吃奶的劲，变着花样做生意，也难过好日子。 And people in poor countries where all people start their own businesses, even if they try their best to do business in different ways, are also unhappy with good times.

说到这儿，你会发现，我们对创业精神是不是有什么误会？

At this point, do we have a misunderstanding about entrepreneurship?

是的，有误会。我们夸大了个体的创业精神的作用。

Yes, there was a misunderstanding. We exaggerate the role of individual entrepreneurship.

相比个体的创业精神，通过有效的组织和制度把人们的个体努力整合起来，形成强大的集团能力，才是一个国家真正的致富之道。 Compared with individual entrepreneurship, the only way for a country to become rich is to integrate people's individual efforts through effective organizations and institutions to form powerful group capabilities.

为什么呢？因为这就是公司的力量，大公司的生产效率比一个个个体户高多了，国家致富要靠世界五百强的企业，而不是遍地的小作坊。 Why is that? Because this is the power of the company, the production efficiency of large companies is much higher than that of individual enterprises, the country depends on the fortune 500 enterprises, not small workshops everywhere.

一家世界五百强产生的经济效益，有时候比一个小穷国还高，真正是一企业抵一国

A fortune 500 company can generate more economic returns than a small poor country

全民创业不能让穷国变成富国，只有建立起一个个有竞争力的大公司，让大部分人在里面发挥所长、获得丰厚的劳务收益，才是实现共同富裕的正确之道。

Entrepreneurship for all cannot turn poor countries into rich ones. Only by establishing large and competitive companies in which the majority of people can give full play to their strengths and get rich labor benefits is the right way to achieve common prosperity.

本文由 狐狸先森几点钟 原创，欢迎关注，带你一起长知识

This article by fox sen several o 'clock original, welcome to pay attention to, take you with long knowledge

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