在Spring Framework源代码解析之IOC容器（一）和Spring Framework源代码解析之IOC容器（二），我们对Spring IOC做了简单介绍以及熟悉了一些支持IOC的关键类，本文将对IOC的依赖注入特性进行解析，欢迎指正。
载入和注册
在上文中，我们介绍到XmlBeanFactory对资源文件的载入，并最后引出了一个高帅富——ApplicationContext。接着上文来看，其实我们平时最常用的是Application，因为它不仅具备BeanFactory的全部能力，还为应用程序提供了很多的便利，上文已经说过了，它继承了很多父类，使它可以具备支持国际化、支持多方式定义资源，支持事件等。我们可以认为BeanFactory和Application是两个层面的IOC容器，而我们平时开发应用程序就是使用Application。Application有很多抽象子类，如AbstractApplicationContext，在该抽象子类下又有很多具体的实现类，如FileSystemXmlApplicationContext、ClassPathXmlApplicationContext等。我们以FileSystemXmlApplicationContext为例，来看看它载入和注册资源的过程。
首先通过FileSystemXmlApplicationContext来建立IOC容器：
ApplicationContext = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath);
调用构造函数：
/**
- Create a new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext, loading the definitions
- from the given XML files and automatically refreshing the context.
- @param configLocations array of file paths
- @throws BeansException if context creation failed
*/
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String... configLocations) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, true, null);
}
实际调用：
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, ApplicationContext parent)
throws BeansException {
super(parent);
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if (refresh) {
refresh();
}
}
注意方法refresh(),这里使用了一个“模板方法”的设计模式，refresh()是一个模板方法，具体实现在FileSystemXmlApplicationContext的若干级父类AbstractXmlApplicationContext中：
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
synchronized (this.activeMonitor) {
this.active = true;
}
// 这里需要子类来协助完成资源位置定义,bean 载入和向 IOC 容器注册的过程
refreshBeanFactory();
............
}
refresh()方法包含了整个IOC容器的初始化过程，资源的定位由refreshBeanFactory()来实现，而在AbstractXmlApplicationContext中定义了对资源的读取过程，默认由 XmlBeanDefinitionReader 来读取：
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws IOException {
// 这里使用 XMLBeanDefinitionReader 来载入 bean 定义信息的 XML 文件
XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
//这里配置 reader 的环境，其中 ResourceLoader 是我们用来定位 bean 定义信息资源位置的
///因为上下文本身实现了 ResourceLoader 接口，所以可以直接把上下文作为 ResourceLoader 传递给 XmlBeanDefi
nitionReader
beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));
initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);
//这里转到定义好的 XmlBeanDefinitionReader 中对载入 bean 信息进行处理
loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
}
转到beanDefinitionReader中进行处理：
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws BeansException, IOExcepti
on {
Resource[] configResources = getConfigResources();
if (configResources != null) {
//调用 XmlBeanDefinitionReader 来载入 bean 定义信息。
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configResources);
}
String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
if (configLocations != null) {
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
}
}
完成了载入，我们来分析注册，来到DefaultListableBeanFactory中，它通过HashMap来持有载入的BeanDefinition：
/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
private final Map<string ,="" beandefinition=""> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<string ,="" beandefinition="">();</string></string>
跟踪代码，找到注册的具体实现类DefaultListableBeanFactoy:
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of BeanDefinitionRegistry interface
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null");
if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
try {
((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
}
}
synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
//这里检查是不是有名字相同的BeanDefinition已经在IOC容器中注册，如果有但不允许覆盖则抛出异常
Object oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {
if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
"': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");
}
else {
if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"': replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
}
else {
this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
}
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
}
完成了注册，此时我们就是从容器中使用对象了，万事具备只欠getBean了。
依赖注入
我们记得在BeanFactory中有一个getBean方法，它其实就是触发依赖注入的入口，getBean的实现我们具体看看DefaultListableBeanFactory的父类AbstractBeanFactory，看看其中getBean的是如何实现的：
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}
接着看doGetBean：
protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, final Class<T> requiredType,-
final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {3:
4: final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
5: Object bean;
6:
7: // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
8: // 先从缓存里面取，处理已经被创建过的单件模式的bean，对这种bean的获取不需要重复的创建
9: Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
10: if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
11: if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
12: if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
13: logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '"
14: + beanName
15: + "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
16: } else {
17: logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '"
18: + beanName + "'");
19: }
20: }
21: bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName,
22: null);
23: }
24:
25: else {
26: // Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
27: // We're assumably within a circular reference.
28: if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
29: throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
30: }
31:
32: // Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
33: BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
34: if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
35: // Not found -> check parent.
36: String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
37: if (args != null) {
38: // Delegation to parent with explicit args.
39: return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
40: } else {
41: // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
42: return parentBeanFactory
43: .getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
44: }
45: }
46:
47: if (!typeCheckOnly) {
48: markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
49: }
50: // 这里根据bean的名字取得BeanDefinition
51: final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
52: checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
53:
54: // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends
55: // on.
56: // 取当前bean的所有依赖的bean，这样会触发getBean的递归调用，直至取到一个没有任何依赖的bean为止
57: String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
58: if (dependsOn != null) {
59: for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) {
60: getBean(dependsOnBean);
61: registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName);
62: }
63: }
64:
65: // Create bean instance.
66: // 这里创建单例的实例，调用createBean方法
67: if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
68: sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName,
69: new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
70: public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
71: try {
72: return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
73: } catch (BeansException ex) {
74: // Explicitly remove instance from singleton
75: // cache: It might have been put there
76: // eagerly by the creation process, to allow
77: // for circular reference resolution.
78: // Also remove any beans that received a
79: // temporary reference to the bean.
80: destroySingleton(beanName);
81: throw ex;
82: }
83: }
84: });
85: bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName,
86: mbd);
87: }
88: // 这里则是创建prototype bean的地方
89: else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
90: // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
91: Object prototypeInstance = null;
92: try {
93: beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
94: prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
95: } finally {
96: afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
97: }
98: bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name,
99: beanName, mbd);
100: }
101:
102: else {
103: String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
104: final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
105: if (scope == null) {
106: throw new IllegalStateException(
107: "No Scope registered for scope '" + scopeName + "'");
108: }
109: try {
110: Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName,
111: new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
112: public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
113: beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
114: try {
115: return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
116: } finally {
117: afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
118: }
119: }
120: });
121: bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name,
122: beanName, mbd);
123: } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
124: throw new BeanCreationException(
125: beanName,
126: "Scope '"
127: + scopeName
128: + "' is not active for the current thread; "
129: + "consider defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
130: ex);
131: }
132: }
133: }
134:
135: // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
136: // 这里对创建出来bean进行类型的检查，如果没有问题，就返回这个新创建的bean
137: if (requiredType != null && bean != null
138: && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) {
139: try {
140: return getTypeConverter()
141: .convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
142: } catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
143: if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
144: logger.debug(
145: "Failed to convert bean '" + name
146: + "' to required type ["
147: + ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType)
148: + "]", ex);
149: }
150: throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType,
151: bean.getClass());
152: }
153: }
154: return (T) bean;
155: }
具体创建对象在createBean里面，来看看createBean：1: protected Object createBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
2: throws BeanCreationException {
3:
4: if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
5: logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
6: }
7: // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
8: resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
9:
10: // Prepare method overrides.
11: try {
12: mbd.prepareMethodOverrides();
13: }
14: catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
15: throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbd.getResourceDescription(),
16: beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
17: }
18:
19: try {
20: // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
21: Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbd);
22: if (bean != null) {
23: return bean;
24: }
25: }
26: catch (Throwable ex) {
27: throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
28: "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
29: }
30: //这里是创建bean的调用
31: Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbd, args);
32: if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
33: logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
34: }
35: return beanInstance;
36: }
又看doCreateBean，_遭不住啊。。1: protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) {
2: // Instantiate the bean.
3: BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
4: if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
5: instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
6: }
7: if (instanceWrapper == null) {
8: instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
9: }
10: .........
11:
12: }
具体创建对象的方法是createBeanInstance:1: protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) {
2: // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
3: Class beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
4:
5: if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
6: throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
7: "Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
8: }
9: //这里使用工厂方法对bean进行实例化
10: if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {
11: return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
12: }
13:
14: // Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...
15: boolean resolved = false;
16: boolean autowireNecessary = false;
17: if (args == null) {
18: synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
19: if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
20: resolved = true;
21: autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
22: }
23: }
24: }
25: if (resolved) {
26: if (autowireNecessary) {
27: return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
28: }
29: else {
30: return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
31: }
32: }
33:
34: // Need to determine the constructor...
35: //使用构造函数进行实例化
36: Constructor[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
37: if (ctors != null ||
38: mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
39: mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
40: return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
41: }
42:
43: // No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
44: //使用默认的构造函数对bean进行实例化
45: return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
46: }
来看看使用默认的构造函数对bean进行实例化的代码instantiateBean：1: protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
2: try {
3: //使用默认的实例化策略对bean进行实例化，默认的实例化策略是CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy,也就是用cglib来对bean进行实例化
4: Object beanInstance;
5: final BeanFactory parent = this;
6: if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
7: beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
8: public Object run() {
9: return getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
10: }
11: }, getAccessControlContext());
12: }
13: else {
14: beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
15: }
16: BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
17: initBeanWrapper(bw);
18: return bw;
19: }
20: catch (Throwable ex) {
21: throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Instantiation of bean failed", ex);
22: }
23: }
这里用cglib对bean进行实例化，cglib是一个常用的字节码生成器的类库，它提供了一系列的API来提供java字节码生成和转换的功能，如果有兴趣可以查看cglib的使用文档。另外生成bean的策略还有很多种，这里只是选了最常用的方法来介绍。至此，bean实例创建过程就算完成了，然后通过populateBean方法将创建好的实例的依赖关系设置好，最终完成依赖注入的过程，由于篇幅关系这里就不详细列举了，populateBean方法可以在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory中找到。
小结
自己对Spring IOC代码的学习暂时就到这里，要搞懂一个特性，确实需要花费很大的功夫，Spring代码量比较大，而且各个特性之间又有交叉，要梳理清楚不是件容易的事，不过回头来看自己还是有收获的，希望对看它的朋友也有一点收获。
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