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【线程】线程安全-多读单写

【线程】线程安全-多读单写

作者: MeteorCode | 来源:发表于2022-01-21 18:27 被阅读0次

    多读单写

    理解多读单写:

    - 同时有多个读操作,读操作的时候,不能有写的操作;
    - 在写操作时,不能有别的写操作;在写操作之前,所有的读操作都完成;
    - 读操作是并行的,写操作时互斥的;
    

    一、采用dispatch_barrier实现;

    @interface Test () {
      dispatch_queue_t current_queue;
      NSMutableDictionary *dic;
    }
    @end
    
    @implementation Test
    
    - (id)init {
      self = [super init];
      if  (self) {
        dic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
        // 创建并行队列
        current_queue = dispatch_queue_create("testQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
      }
      return self;
    }
    
    - (void)setSafeObject:(id)object forKey:(NSString *)key {
      key = [key copy];
      // 异步栅栏写数据
      // barrier阻塞队列
      dispatch_barrier_async(current_queue, ^{
        if (key && object) {
          [dic setObject:object forKey:key];
        }
      });
    }
    
    - (id)getSafeObjectForKey:(NSString *)key {
      __block id result = nil;
      // 同步读取指定数据 (同步并行)
      dispatch_sync(current_queue, ^{
        result = [dic valueForKey:key];
      });
      return result;
    }
    
    - (BOOL)containObject:(id)object {
      __block BOOL isExist;
       //同步读取
      dispatch_sync(current_queue, ^ {
        isExist = [dic.allValues containsObject: object]
      });
    }
    
    @end
    
    • 总结
    1- 读操作:为什么用dispatch_sync?
    一般读操作通常是直接想要结果,需要`同步返回`;如果`异步`获取的话,可能`会延迟`;
    
    2- 写操作:为什么写用dispatch_barrier_async?
    异步栅栏dispatch_barrier_async会阻塞`读写操作的队列`,
    不会阻塞主队列和其他队列,不会影响其他操作;
    

    二、采用rwlock读写锁实现

    pthread_rwlock_t lock; //声明
    pthread_rwlock_init(&lock,NULL); //初始化
    pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&lock);//加读锁,可以加锁个
    pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&lock); //加写锁,互斥的,只能加一个
    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock);  //解锁
    

    示例代码:

    #import <pthread.h>
    
    @interface Test() {
        pthread_rwlock_t lock;//读写锁
        NSMutableDictionary *dic;
    }
    @end
    
    @impletation 
    - (id)init {
      self = [super init];
      if  (self) {
        [self initTestRwLock];
      }
      return self;
    }
    
    - (void)initTestRwLock {
        pthread_rwlock_init(&lock,NULL); //1- 初始化读写锁
        dic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    }
    
    
    - (id)objectForKey:(NSString *)key {
        pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&lock); //加读锁
        NSLog(@"读写锁:读操作-加锁: %@",key);
        
        id obj = [dic objectForKey:key];
        sleep(2);
        
        pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock); //解锁
        NSLog(@"读写锁:读操作-解锁: %@",key);
        return obj;
    }
    
    - (void)setObject:(id)obj forKey:(NSString *)key {
        pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&lock); //加写锁,写锁是互斥的
        NSLog(@"读写锁:写操作-加锁: %@",key);
        
        [dic setObject:obj forKey:key];
        sleep(2);
        
        pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock); //解锁
        NSLog(@"读写锁:写操作-解锁: %@",key);
    }
    
    @end
    
    • 异步并行调用:
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("test_queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
        
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      [self setObject:@"测试1" forKey:@"key1"];
      [self objectForKey:@"key1"];
    });
        
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      [self setObject:@"测试2" forKey:@"key2"];
      [self objectForKey:@"key2"];
    });
    
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      [self setObject:@"测试3" forKey:@"key3"];
      [self objectForKey:@"key3"];
    });
    
    • 输出结果:
    // 写 - 排他性
    2021-12-31 15:30:32.041620+0800 读写锁:写操作-加锁: key1
    2021-12-31 15:30:34.047163+0800 读写锁:写操作-解锁: key1
    2021-12-31 15:30:34.047252+0800 读写锁:写操作-加锁: key2
    2021-12-31 15:30:36.051089+0800 读写锁:写操作-解锁: key2
    2021-12-31 15:30:36.051185+0800 读写锁:写操作-加锁: key3
    2021-12-31 15:30:38.056850+0800 读写锁:写操作-解锁: key3
    // 读 - 并发
    2021-12-31 15:30:38.056931+0800 读写锁:读操作-加锁: key1
    2021-12-31 15:30:38.056944+0800 读写锁:读操作-加锁: key2
    2021-12-31 15:30:38.057284+0800 读写锁:读操作-加锁: key3
    2021-12-31 15:30:40.062497+0800 读写锁:读操作-解锁: key2
    2021-12-31 15:30:40.062497+0800 读写锁:读操作-解锁: key1
    2021-12-31 15:30:40.062643+0800 读写锁:读操作-解锁: key3
    
    • 结论:
    写锁`互斥`,读锁可`并行`;
    
    读写锁:
    - 是一种特殊的自旋锁;
    - 读写锁对于自旋锁而言,能`提高并发性`,在多核系统中,允许`多个读者`来访问共享资源;
    - 写者是排他性的,一个读写锁同时`只能有一个写者`或`多个读者`,但不能同时既有写者又有写者;
    
    - 如果读写锁当前`没有读者,也没有写者`,那么`写者`可以`立即获得`读写锁,
      否则它必须`自旋`在那里,直到`没有任何的写者或读者`;
      即在`读加锁`状态时,所有以`读模式`对它加锁的线程都`可以获得访问权`;
      当有写模式试图加锁时,读写锁通常会`阻塞随后的读模式锁请求`,防止读模式锁长期被占用,而写模式锁长期被阻塞;
    
    - 如果读写锁`没有写者`,那么`读者`可以`立即获得`读写锁,
      否则读者必须`自旋`在那里,知道`写者释放读写锁`;
      即以`写模式`进行加锁,必须等`所有线程释放锁`;
      
    

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