springboot的启动流程(一)：入口和初始化

1. 入口

public static void main(String[] args) {
    #1.初始化SpringApplication类，之后执行run方法
    new SpringApplication(ApringTestApplication.class).run(args);
    #2.直接调用SpringApplication类中的run的静态方法
    SpringApplication.run(ApringTestApplication.class, args);
    }

一般来说，由以上两种的启动springboot的方法，但是两种方法草你个本质上来说是一样的。接下来咱们来看一下第二种方法中run静态方法中的执行：

    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource,
            String... args) {
        return run(new Class<?>[] { primarySource }, args);
    }

进入两一个run方法，进入之后的方法如下：

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources,
            String[] args) {
        return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
    }

到这里之后大家可以看出来，第二种执行的静态方法最终也是初始化类，之后调用类的run方法。

2.初始化

进入类的初始化可以看到如下代码：

    public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
        this(null, primarySources);
    }

再进入：

    public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
        Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
        this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
        this.webApplicationType = deduceWebApplicationType();
        setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
                ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
        setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
        this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

接下来咱们对代码进行分析：

this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));

前三行对传入的参数进行进行了判断和赋值，从上面的参数可以看出resourceLoader为null，primarySources为我创建的启动类的名字ApringTestApplication。

this.webApplicationType = deduceWebApplicationType();

    private static final String REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
            + "web.reactive.DispatcherHandler";

    private static final String MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
            + "web.servlet.DispatcherServlet";

    private static final String[] WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
            "org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };

private WebApplicationType deduceWebApplicationType() {
        if (ClassUtils.isPresent(REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)
                && !ClassUtils.isPresent(MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)) {
            return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
        }
        for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) {
            if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
                return WebApplicationType.NONE;
            }
        }
        return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
    }

这里对当前的环境进行了判断，如果classpath中包含REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS并且不包含MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS，则环境为REACTIVE。如果classpath中WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES有任意一个不包含，则环境为NONE。以上两者都不是就是SERVLET。

setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
                ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));

这两行代码是设置initializers和listeners，在启动的时候会用上。其中需要说明的是getSpringFactoriesInstances方法之后会多次出现，需要重点讲解一下：

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
        return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
    }

    private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
        ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
        Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
        List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
                classLoader, args, names);
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
        return instances;
    }

这个过程中是首先获取当前线程的ClassLoader，之后根据SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames获取需要的类的名字，最后获取类。下面是SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames的方法实现：

public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";

public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
        return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
    }

private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null) {
            return result;
        }

        try {
            Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
                    classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                    ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
            result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
            while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = urls.nextElement();
                UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
                    List<String> factoryClassNames = Arrays.asList(
                            StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue()));
                    result.addAll((String) entry.getKey(), factoryClassNames);
                }
            }
            cache.put(classLoader, result);
            return result;
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
                    FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
        }
    }

获取缓存中是否有传入的classloader的名字的缓存，如果有就直接返回，没有继续深入。当传入的classloader部位null时，从传入的classloader中获取”META-INF/spring.factories”中的数据，并且整理成键值对的形式放入缓存，之后返回。从放回的键值对中获取需要的key对应的value。比如说这个例子中传入的ApplicationContextInitializer和ApplicationListener。对应的”META-INF/spring.factories”文件中的整体内容如下：

# PropertySource Loaders
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader,\
org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader

# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

# Error Reporters
org.springframework.boot.SpringBootExceptionReporter=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzers

# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

# Environment Post Processors
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SystemEnvironmentPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor

# Failure Analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanCurrentlyInCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindValidationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.UnboundConfigurationPropertyFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ConnectorStartFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.PortInUseFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ValidationExceptionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyNameFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyValueFailureAnalyzer

# FailureAnalysisReporters
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalysisReporter=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter

包含需要的ApplicationContextInitializer：

# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

和ApplicationListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

最后初始化的代码如下：

this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();

这里主要的是获取当前类的main方法，代码如下：

    private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
        try {
            StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
            for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
                if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
                    return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
                }
            }
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            // Swallow and continue
        }
        return null;
    }