GrammarFormat

作者: _Chance_Zhang | 来源:发表于2020-10-18 23:57 被阅读0次

Academic Writing Skills

Grammar Requirement

RULES AND CONVENTIONS OF ACADEMIC WRITING
Conjunctions like 'and', 'but', 'also' can only be displayed in the middle of a sentence to join two ideas. To connect two sentences, consider words like 'however', 'therefore', 'in addition'. Avoid the usage of 'besides' or 'also'.
Abbreviations are not suggested. Forms like 'isn't', 'shouldn't' and 'it's' are not suggested. You should use its full form. However, the form 'noun's' is OK.
In academic writing, personal expressions are not suggested. Nouns like 'I', 'you' and 'we', or adjectives like 'happy', 'amazing' and 'remarkable' are all not suggested.
Multi-word verbs are not suggested. For example, a writer needs to change 'go on' to 'continue'.
Be as precise as possible. This means that: Use exact values, for example, '1520 people', instead of general description, like ‘about’, ‘several’, etc. Use specific terms like ‘factor’, ‘issue’, ‘topic’, ‘aspect’, instead of ‘thing’.
Use explicit linking words between ideas to show the relationship between them. 'First', 'Second', 'Third’ and such may not show relationships. Normally they are forbidden except occasions when no deep logic flow is needed in the content. On the other hand, too many linking words may also ruin the essay in that they cover the main body.

Tricks to Improve the Essay

Structure the essay before the start.
Start each paragraph with a sentence showing what you are intending to write. These are the topic sentences.
Show the relationship among ideas.
Use different kinds of sentence structures so that the essay would not be dull.
Take care of the tense of the writing.
Use phrases like ‘some of’ in the essay to be more precise.
Use 'the', 'that' and 'it' in the next sentence referring to the former one to make the sentences closer in the meaning. Do not use 'this' in academic writing.
About word ‘the’: In most cases, only when one thing has been mentioned before can we use it before a noun.
Use 'a piece of' before an uncountable noun, for example, 'a piece of equipment/ furniture'
It is wrong to use 'where' as the subject of a clause. 'where' can only be used as an adverb in the clause.
A comma is required to be displayed after phrases like 'besides', 'nonetheless' and 'however'.
In situation 'sentence A. This ...', the word 'this' in the latter sentence means all the information given by sentence A.
It is better to replace 'A, B, C and so on' by 'something has several + general noun + including A, B, C'. Of course, 'such as' is also acceptable.

(Nowadays)=In recent years; In recent times; Recently; Currently; Today

(Besides)=Additionally; What's more; Furthermore; It is also true that,

(As we all know)=It is well known that; It is generally agreed that; It is widely accepted / understood / believed that / It is generally believed that

(hot topic)=a controversial issue; a contentious problem

(get)=attain; receive; earn; make;

(getting)=becoming; growing

(got)=acquired; attained; received

(big)=major; large; important; significant

(more and more)=an increasing number / a growing / rising number

(for countable nouns) / an increasing amount; a growing amount

(for uncountable nouns); increasingly

(just)=as few as (countable); as little as (uncountable)

(good)=preferable; beneficial; effective; advantageous

(bad)=undesirable; not preferable; poor; ineffective

(a lot of)=many; a considerable number of