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史上最全英语后缀

史上最全英语后缀

作者: 麦麦麦穗J | 来源:发表于2017-09-17 22:27 被阅读0次
    史上最全英语后缀

    前一篇列举完前缀,这篇开始后缀。讲真,后缀比前缀有意思多了。

    前缀一般不改变词根词性,但是也有例外。后缀则不然,后缀改变词性。依据所构成新词的词性,将后缀分为四大类,分别为名词后缀,形容词后缀,副词后缀。下面一一列举。超多的。

    一、名词后缀,即加上后缀后的新词词性为名词。这一类后缀又根据词根词性的不同,分为

    (一)放在名词后面

    1、 将名词转化成具体名词

    -eer meaning skilled in/ engaged in

    engineer 工程师

    profiteer 牟取暴利的人

    mountaineer 登山运动员

    -er meaning as dominant characteristic, denizen(居民) of

    teenager 青少年

    Londoner 伦敦人

    glover手套制造商

    northwester 西北风

    -ess meaning female

    hostess 女主人 priestess女牧师

    -ette meaning compact (小巧的)

    kitchenette 小厨房

    dinette 小餐食

    cigarette 香烟 (看来cigar挺大支的)

    -ette also meaning imitation and female

    leatherette 人造革

    flannelette 棉织法兰绒

    usherette 女引座员

    -let meaning small; unimportant

    droplet 小滴

    booklet 小册子

    starlet 尚未成名的年轻女演员(不是小星星)

    -ster meaning involved in

    gangster 匪徒

    songster 歌手(和singer什么区别??)

    trickster 骗子

    2、将名词转化成抽象名词

    -age meaning measure of, process or state

    storage: 贮存空间

    wastage: 浪费

    mileage: 英里数

    footage连续镜头

    coverage覆盖面;新闻报道

    -dom meaning state; condition

    officialdom 官场

    kingdom王国

    stardom 名演员的身份

    -ery/-ry meaning condition or behaviour associated with

    slavery

    savagery

    -ery/-ry also meaning place

    bakery 面包店

    winery 葡萄酒厂

    -hood meaning state or condition

    adulthood 成年

    spinsterhood 老处女身份

    -ful meaning amount contained in

    armful 一抱之量

    houseful 一屋

    mouthful 一满口

    spoonful 一匙

    -ing meaning the material of

    tubing 管类

    matting 编垫子材料

    carpetting 地毯织料

    -ing also meaning activity connected with

    farming

    golfing

    -ism meaning doctrine of or practice of

    terroism 恐怖主义

    sexism 性别歧视

    consumerism 消费者权益保护

    -ship meaning occupation or position

    governorship

    authorship

    -ship also meaning skill and ability

    sportsmanship

    craftmanship

    also meaning relation

    friendship

    partnership

    accquaintanceship

    (二)放在动词后面

    1、将动词转化为施事名词

    -ant: occupations and participation

    informant 提供消息的人

    contestant 参赛者

    applicant 申请人

    -ant also meaning an object or substance

    coolant 冷却剂

    pollutant 污染物

    -ee meaning receiver of the action

    addressee: 收件人

    employee 雇员

    trainee 受培训者

    -ent meaning a person or a thing

    respondent 被告

    correspondent 记者,通信人

    -er/-or meaning doer of the action or non-persons

    commander 指挥官

    photographer 摄影师

    cooker 炉灶 mixer 绞盘器 recorder录音机或录像机

    elevator 电梯 escalator 自动扶梯

    2. 将动词转化为抽象名词

    -age meaning action of or instance of

    marriage 婚姻

    linkage 联系

    carriage 运输

    -al meaning the process or state of

    dismissal 撤职;解雇;不予考虑

    survival 幸存

    portrayal 表演;描绘

    -ance meaning action, process or state

    performance 表现

    insurance 保险

    attendance 出席

    -ation,-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion meaning process or state of or product of

    imagination 想象

    protection 保护

    operation 操作;手术

    decision决定

    -ence meaning action, process or state

    adherence 遵守

    existence 存在

    persistence 坚持不懈

    -ing meaning action of

    wedding 婚礼 (wed:与……结婚)

    opening 开业典礼

    savings 储存金

    earnings收入

    building 建筑物

    -ment meaning result of

    assessment 评估

    resentment 气氛

    statement 声明

    judgement 看法

    (三)放在形容词后面,构成名词

    -ity meaning state or condition

    productivity

    intesity

    superiority

    常用在以able, al, ar结尾的形容词后,比如

    respectability

    morality

    popularity

    -ness meaning state or quality

    youthfulness

    up-to-dateness

    happiness

    largeness

    (四) 其它:所构成词即可作名词,也可作形容词的后缀

    -ese meaning member of or language of

    Chinese 中国人;中国的

    Lebanese 黎巴嫩人; 黎巴嫩的

    also meaning style of

    journalese 新闻文体

    officialese 公文用语

    -an, -ian meaning citizen and language of

    Australian 澳大利亚英语;澳大利亚人;澳大利亚的

    Cambodian 柬埔寨人;柬埔寨语;柬埔寨的

    Elizebethan 伊丽莎白女王一世(时代)的

    also meaning adherent to, relating to

    Darwinian 达尔文的

    shakesperian 莎士比亚(风格)的

    -ist meaning adherent to beliefs and behaviour

    racist 种族主义分子

    socialist 社会主义者

    environmentalist 环保主义者

    also occupations or study

    artist 艺术家

    psychiatrist 精神病医师

    -ite meaning adherent to or member of

    Thatcherite 撒切尔夫人的支持者

    二、形容词后缀,即加上后缀后的新词词性为形容词。这一类后缀又根据词根词性的不同,分为

    (一)放在名词后面

    -ed: 加在n/adj.+n的复合词后面,构成形容词

    pear-shaped 梨状的

    blue-eyed

    giant-sized

    wooded

    -ful meaning full of, providing

    merciful

    graceful

    tactful

    successful

    -ish meaning somewhat like, approximately

    monkeyish

    snobbish

    childish

    foolish

    -ish 可用在形容词词根后,构成新的形容词,表达“稍微,有几分”的含义

    wettish 有点潮湿

    brownish 带点棕色的

    -less meaning without

    nameless 无名的

    humourless 无幽默感的

    also meaning unmeasurable

    priceless 无价的

    timeless 永恒的

    -like meaning like

    lady-like 温雅的,风度雍容如贵妇的

    dreamlike 如梦的

    -ly meaning havin the quality of

    soldierly 有军人气质的

    cowardly 胆小的

    friendly 友好的

    also meaning frequency

    hourly 每小时一次的

    fortnightly 没两周一次的

    -y meaning somewhat like, characterized by

    flowery 多花的;有花卉图案的

    smoky 冒烟的;有烟熏味的

    -y also 放在名词后面,表达喜爱之情

    doggy 狗狗

    birdy 小鸟

    (-ly, -like, -ish 三者用在同一词根后面时,其相应新词表达的意义相近,程度依次下降,如

    manly 有男子汉气概的 man-like 像男人般的 mannish 男性化的)

    -al, -ial, -ical meaning relating to

    cultural 文化的

    philosophical 哲学的

    sentimental 多愁善感的

    residential 住宅的

    -esque meaning having the properties of

    picturesque 如画的

    Chaplinesque卓别林式的

    -ic meaning resembling, involving, connected with

    poetic 有诗意的

    historic 历史的

    patriotic 爱国的

    bureaucratic 官僚主义的

    -ous, -eous, -ious, -nous meaning having a particular quality

    sensuous 感觉上的,给人以美感的

    marvellous 令人惊奇的,极好的

    courageous 有勇气的

    (二)放在动词后面

    -able, -ible showing possiblity

    washable 可清洗的

    arguable 可论证的

    identifiable可辨别的

    -ative, -tive, -sive meaning tending to

    talkative 健谈的

    decisive 果断的

    三、副词后缀,即加上后缀后的新词词性为副词。

    -ly meaning in ... manner, to a ... degree

    gradually 逐渐地

    calmly 冷静地

    publicly 公开地

    -ward, -wards showing direction

    homeward 回家的

    backward 后退的

    skyward 朝向天空的

    eastward 向东的

    -ward即可作形容词也可做副词,当作副词是,-ward=-wards

    -wise meaning in ... manner

    clockwise 顺时针方向的

    crabwise横斜地

    also meaning as far as ... is concerned

    moneywise 钱方面

    education-wise 教育方面

    四、动词后缀,即加上后缀后的新词词性为动词。

    -ate meaning give or make or become

    originate 起源

    validate 使生效

    hyphenate 用连字符连接

    -en meaning become or make

    heighten 加高

    strengthen 加强

    dampen 使潮湿

    -ify, -fy meaning make or endow with

    solidify 巩固

    glorify 美化

    personify 拟人化

    -ize, -ise involving or related to

    symbolize 象征,代表

    visualize 使形象化

    Jenny碎碎念:

    终!于!整!理!完!了!第一遍整理时全英文,第二遍加上中文,这两个过程下来,感觉从英文释义去理解更顺畅一些,也有趣一些。虽然上面大部分单词都写上了中文意思。

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