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CDH6.1.1阿里云安装实践

CDH6.1.1阿里云安装实践

作者: explorren | 来源:发表于2019-08-21 10:55 被阅读0次

    概念介绍

    CDH概览

    CDH是Apache Hadoop和相关项目的最完整、最受测试和最流行的发行版。CDH提供Hadoop的核心元素-可伸缩存储和分布式计算-以及基于web的用户界面和重要的企业功能。CDH是Apache许可的开放源码,是唯一提供统一批处理、交互式SQL和交互式搜索以及基于角色的访问控制的Hadoop解决方案。

    CDH 提供以下特性:

    • 灵活性:存储任何类型的数据并使用各种不同的计算框架进行操作,包括批处理、交互式SQL、免费文本搜索、机器学习和统计计算。
    • 集成:在一个完整的Hadoop平台上快速启动和运行,该平台与广泛的硬件和软件解决方案一起工作。
    • 安全:处理和控制敏感数据。
    • 可伸缩性:启用广泛的应用程序和规模,并扩展它们以满足您的需求。
    • 高可用性:满怀信心地执行任务关键的业务任务。
    • 兼容性:利用您现有的IT基础设施和投资。

    CDH Cloudera Manager 概览

    Cloudera Manager 是用于管理cdh集群的端到端应用程序。Cloudera Manager通过向CDH集群的每个部分提供细粒度的可见性并对其进行控制来设置企业部署标准-授权运营商提高性能、提高服务质量、提高遵从性和降低管理成本。使用Cloudera Manager,您可以轻松地部署和集中操作完整的CDH堆栈和其他托管服务。应用程序自动化安装过程,将部署时间从数周减少到分钟;为您提供在集群范围内运行主机和服务的实时视图;提供一个单一的中央控制台来执行整个集群的配置更改;并集成各种报告和诊断工具,以帮助您进行操作

    环境准备

    前要

    搭建方式的比较

    方式 费用成本 时间成本 难易度 适宜场景
    自己购买机器搭建 短期投入高 需要自己掌握虚机和大数据组件的搭建细节,比较复杂 1.个人技术学习2.大公司构建自己的大数据集群
    基于云服务器搭建 较高 较高 同上 中小型的大数据服务
    使用阿里云E-MapReduce 可按小时付费,成本可控 环境由EMR搭建,使用即可 短期、灵活的大数据服务

    软件版本选择

    类目 版本 下载地址
    操作系统 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 阿里云服务器
    数据库 mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 官网下载
    JDK jjdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz Oracle 官网下载
    Cloudera Manager Cloudera Manager 6.1.1 官方仓库
    CDH CDH 6.1.1 使用parcels安装

    节点准备

    三台8G+的主机

    名称 CM管理软件
    cdh-master Cloudera Manager Server&Agent 、Mysql
    cdh-slave001 Cloudera Manager Agent
    cdh-slave002 Cloudera Manager Agent

    安装前配置

    配置主机名和hosts解析

    所有节点都需要配置 vim /etc/hosts

    172.26.86.11 cdh-master
    172.26.86.12 cdh-slave001
    172.26.86.10 cdh-slave002
    

    配置免密登录

    1. 在master主机上生成密钥对:
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    
    1. 将master主机的公钥文件id_rsa.pub远程复制到cdh002、cdh003主机上。并放置/home/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

      /root/.ssh>scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@cdh-slave001:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
      
      /root/.ssh>scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@cdh-slave002:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
      
    2. 所有主机都赋权600

    chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

    安装NTP

    所有节点

    yum install ntp -y
    # 开机启动
    chkconfig ntpd on
    # 启动ntp
    service ntpd start
    

    修改文件打开限制

    echo "* soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 
    echo "* hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 
    echo "* soft memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 
    echo "* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
    

    设置swap空间

    所有节点

    echo "vm.swappiness = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
    

    关闭大页面缓存

    所有节点

    echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
    

    关闭防火墙

    所有节点

     systemctl stop firewalld.service
     systemctl disable firewalld.service
    

    JDK安装

    可以选择CM管理页面进行jdk安装,但在之前需要安装一个

    wget http://blog-jupiter.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz
    mkdir -p /usr/java
    tar -zxvf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java/jdk1.8
    
    
    

    vim /etc/profile

    JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8
    CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
    PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
    
    

    source /etc/profile

    Mysql安装

    这里也可以选择mariadb,但是我安装mariadb后,启动服务建表步骤时,始终报用户名或密码错误

    # 检查系统是否存在mariadb
    rpm -qa | grep mariadb
    # 强制删除
    rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
    wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    # 解压
    tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
    chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/data
    # 增加mysql用户和组
    groupadd mysql
    useradd -r -g mysql mysql 
    chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
    
    

    vim /etc/my.cnf

    [mysqld]
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    
    port=3306
    
    socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
    
    pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    character-set-server=utf8
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    
    

    安装命令

    touch /tmp/mysql.sock
    chown mysql:mysql /tmp/mysql.sock
    chmod 755 /tmp/mysql.sock
    
    mkdir -p /tmp/mysqld
    touch /tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/mysqld
    chmod 755 /tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    mkdir -p /var/log/
    touch /var/log/mysqld.log
    chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/
    chmod 755 /var/log/mysqld.log 
    
    yum install -y libaio
     
    # 初始化
    cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
    ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
    
    # 安全启动
    ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
    
    # 查看密码
    cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
    My!U5LUWhjk3
    
    # 登录mysql
    cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
    ./mysql -u root -p
    mysql> set password=password("root");
    mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
    mysql> flush privileges;
    
    # 开机服务启动设置
    cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    chkconfig --add mysql
    
    # 创建快捷方式
    ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
    
    

    JDBC驱动安装

    下载mysql-connector-java.jar,并保存到所有主机的/usr/share/java目录下

    wget http://central.maven.org/maven2/mysql/mysql-connector-java/5.1.47/mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar
    mv mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar mysql-connector-java.jar
    mkdir  /usr/share/java
    cp mysql-connector-java.jar /usr/share/java/
    
    scp mysql-connector-java.jar  root@cdh-slave001:/usr/share/java/
    scp mysql-connector-java.jar  root@cdh-slave002:/usr/share/java/
    
    
    

    依赖包下载

    yum -y install chkconfig  bind-utils psmisc libxslt zlib sqlite cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl-gssapi fuse portmap fuse-libs redhat-lsb
    
    

    安装

    RHEL compatible

    ## wget <repo_file_url> -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
    wget https://archive.cloudera.com/cm6/6.1.1/redhat7/yum/cloudera-manager.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ 
    rpm --import https://archive.cloudera.com/cm6/6.1.1/redhat7/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-cloudera
    
    

    master节点安装

    安装 CM Server 和 Agent

    yum install cloudera-manager-daemons cloudera-manager-agent cloudera-manager-server
    
    sudo systemctl enable cloudera-scm-agent
    sudo systemctl enable cloudera-scm-server
    
    systemctl start cloudera-scm-server
    systemctl start cloudera-scm-agent
    
    

    数据节点安装

    安装 CM Agent

    yum install cloudera-manager-daemons cloudera-manager-agent
    
    sudo systemctl enable cloudera-scm-agent
    
    systemctl start cloudera-scm-agent
    
    

    建表

    需要创建scm、hue、hive,官网推荐建表如下

    create database scm default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on *.* to 'scm'@'%' identified by 'scm' with grant option ;
    create database amon default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on amon.* to 'amon'@'%' identified by 'amon' with grant option;
    create database rman default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on rman.* to 'rman'@'%' identified by 'rman' with grant option;
    create database hue default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on *.* to 'hue'@'%' identified by 'hue' with grant option;
    create database metastore default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' identified by 'hive' with grant option;
    create database sentry default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on sentry.* to 'sentry'@'%' identified by 'sentry' with grant option;
    create database nav default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on nav.* to 'nav'@'%' identified by 'nav' with grant option;
    create database oozie default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
    grant all privileges on oozie.* to 'oozie'@'%' identified by 'oozie' with grant option;
    
    

    检测服务连接

    /opt/cloudera/cm/schema/scm_prepare_database.sh mysql scm scm scm
    
    

    常用命令

    tail -f /var/log/cloudera-scm-server/cloudera-scm-server.log
    vim /etc/cloudera-scm-agent/config.ini
    
    

    Question

    磁盘块不足

    1. 将负责因子从3修改为2

    2.运行如下命令

    sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -setrep -R 2 /

    Hue不能连接数据库

    hue连接数据库时使用python连接

    yum install -y python-lxml
    
    

    HDFS启动报错: Canary 测试无法在目录

    sudo -u

    sudo -u hdfs hdfs dfsadmin -safemode leave
    
    

    CDH中yarn的JobHistory Server角色运行状况异常

    YarnRuntimeException: Error creating done directory: [hdfs://cdh001:8020/user/history/done

    su hdfs后

    hdfs dfs -chmod  777 /user
    hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /tmp/
    
    

    启动server端口起不来

    chmod 777 -R /var/log

    运行spark shell无法启动,无权限问题

    su hdfs后
    
    sudo -u hdfs hdfs dfs -chmod  777 /user
    
    sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /tmp
    
    
    

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